CONIFERALES 



233 



distant places. Cupressus macrocarpa, a very endemic species of a 

 small area in southern California, grows just as well in New Zealand; 

 the Australian Araucaria bidwilli is used for reforestation in South 

 Africa; Pseudotsuga taxifolia, of the western United States, is used 

 for reforestation in Japan, Australia, and South Africa; the Japanese 

 Sciadopitys verticillata flourishes in the New York Botanical Garden; 

 the Asiatic Cedrus deodar a grows just as well in England and France ; 

 the Chilean Araucaria imhricata and the Australian Araucaria bid- 

 willi are popular exotics in California; and many other cases could be 

 mentioned. 



Fig. 241. — Araucarioxylon arhoniciim: silicified trunk in the petrified forest near 

 Holbrook, Arizona. The formation is Triassic, about 200,000,000 years old. 



THE LIFE-HISTORY 



A complete life -history has not been worked out in any of the 

 genera of this large order. More is known about Pinus than about 

 any other genus. Miss Ferguson's'^''' '^s- '^6 extensive study of the 

 reproductive phases of several species, the study of the embryogeny 

 by BucHHOLZ, together with the investigation of the anatomy by 

 Jeffrey and his students, and by Thomson, have made our knowl- 

 edge of this genus fairly complete. Still, it will not be safe to general- 

 ize until a comparative study of more species has been made, es- 

 pecially the southern and southernmost species, and species of the 

 western Pacific and Asiatic regions. 



In other genera, investigators have been more concerned with 



