CAETOGEAPHY TO CHAMPLAIN. 19 



it the next morning, July 2nd, to be one of the shores of a large bay which he named Bay of 

 St. Lunario. His description of the place makes it clear that this bay was the head of the 

 present Northumberland Strait.' He passed near Cape Escuraenac and crossed the mouth 

 of Miramichi Baj' to which he gave no name. He described the latter as a triangular bay, 

 running deep into the land, lying north-east and ranged with shoals. Continuing along 

 the coast, with the weather stormy, on July 3rd, he rounded Point Miscou naming 

 it Cape of Hope {cap d'Espérance)^' and entered Bay Chaleur. He crossed at once to the 

 present Port Daniel, where his ships remained for some days. 



Among the more prominent of the late writers who have considered Cartier's voyage, 

 are Dr. J. G. Kohl and Rev. B. F. De Costa. The former, in his greatly and justly valued 

 work, " History of the Discovery of Maine," ^ gives a quite different account of Cartier's 

 route after leaving Bird Islands. He confuses the narrative greatly, applying to the land 

 coasted along immediately after leaving Brion Island, the description which Cartier gave 

 of a laud forty leagues to the westward. Yet he calls Brion Island our present Prince 

 Edward Island, and says that Isle Allezay and Cape Orleans were names given to places 

 thereon. He does not locate the Hiver of Boats, but speaks of " the triangular gulf which 

 he named Saint Lunario," the present Miramichi Bay. The answer to this confused and 

 impossible interpretation is found in Cartier's narrative itself, and must be evident to 

 everyone who has carefully followed the preceding pages, or has read the original 

 narrative. 



Rev. Dr. De Costa, in Wiusor's " America," ' makes Allezay the present Prince Edward 

 Island, entii-ely ignoring the fact that Cartier sailed forty leagues out of sight of land 

 before he reached the place where was the River of Boats. Cape Orleans he places on the 

 mainland and says, " next he found Miramichi Bay, or the Bay of Boats, which he called 

 St. Lunario." Now nothing could be clearer than the testimony of Cartier's narrative on 

 this point, that the River of Boats and Bay of St. Lunario were two entirely distinct 

 places. No reader of the narrative can possibly accept such an interpretation. 



Another version of this part of the course is that of Abbé Laverdière," as shown on 



the Savages " altered to " C. Savage ", and placed further down the coast, as on Popple's celebrated map of 1733. On 

 others " C. Savage " or " Savage Cape " is replaced by " Stormy Cape ", and on French maps is translated into 

 " C. Tourmente " and " C. Torment." On some maps such as those by Bellin in Charlevoix's History, it is 

 marked Cape Tourmentin, which is of course the Cape Tormentine of to-day. On the (for its time) very accurate 

 map of 1755 in the Memorials of the Englisli and French commissaries, both "Stormy Point" and "C. Tor- 

 mentine " are given and applied apparently as synonymous, and are placed moreover in exactly the proper 

 position. From Cartier's "Cape of the Savages", applied to North Point of Prince Edward Island, to Cape 

 Tormentine on the New Brunswick shore there appears to be an unbroken transition. [As this paper is passing 

 through tlie press, I find thai Deny's map of 1672, gives "La Cap de Tourmentin." This indicates that the 

 intermediate steps are doubtless to be found upon still earlier maps.] 



' There is a curious use of this word by De Laet in his Histoire du Nouveau Monde of 1640. He says " La 



Baye de Gennes [i.e.lChignecto Bay] receives two rivers, one of which comes from the east, the other of which 



descends from the north, and is almost joined to near the Strait of S. Lunario." Tliis seems to imply that he 

 meant the latter name to apply to Northumberland Strait. His map, however, applies it to the Miramichi, 

 which he places opposite Chignecto Bay. 



^ Now Cape Despair in Gasp(^\ Old maps show the transition. See also, the Canadian Review, no. 1, 

 1824, p. 85. 



= Coll. :Maine Hist. Soc. vol. i, 1869. 



* Narrative and Critical History of America, iv. 49. This work hereinafter quoted as " America." 



^ Le Canada-Français, i. 689. 



