24 GANONG ON ST. LAWEENCB 



the 21st he continufd on to the eastward until he came in sight of Anticosti, and knew 

 there could be no passage on that coast. Turning to the west again, he returned to Seven 

 Islands, and on the 24th entered the mouth of the river proper. From this time until his 

 return to the Gulf on his way to France in the spring his movements do not concern our 

 present subject. But in May, coming down the river, he passed directly down to Gaspé 

 by the passage which had not before that been discovered, went near Cape Pratto (the 

 present White Head), and crossed thence to Brion Island. He appears to have coasted 

 along the west, and afterwards the east of the Magdalens, from which he went' to 

 Cape Lorraine, in Cape Breton Island. This cape was in 46.50 deg. N. lat. and three- 

 quarters of a degree to the north he saw another cape, which he named St. Paul. He 

 does not give us sufficient data for determining the position of these places ; if Cape St. 

 Paul be our Isle St. Paul," Cape Lorraine could hardly be the present Cape St. Lawrence, 

 but must have been some point to the south of it, perhaps at Grand Ause or Chetican.^ 

 On June 4th he saw the coast of Newfoundland, and entered a harbor which he named 

 " Harbor of the Holy Spirit," which may have been La Poile Bay. Thence he went to St. 

 Peter's Islands, and afterwards passing Cape Pace {Cap de Raze) to Harbor Eougnoze 

 (undoubtedly Renewse Harbor of to-day *), and from this place laid his course for France, 

 where he arrived on July 6th, 1536. 



C. — Cartier s Tliird Voyage. 



"We have but few particulars of Cartier's course on his third voyage. As given by 

 Hakluyt, he left St. Malo May 23rd, 1540, and after a long, stormy voyage entered the 

 Harbor of Carpuut, iu Newfoundland, and on August 23rd, reached the Port of St. Croix. 

 On September 2nd, he sent two ships back to France, but the narrative does not tell us 

 when he himself went, nor by what route. 



D. — RobervaVs Voyage. 



In the account of the voyage of Eoberval, we are told that it was by way of St. 

 John's, Newfoundland, in 1542.^ "We have a very fragmentary account of Roberval's 

 voyage, and it contains nothing of valvie in connection with our present discussion. 



' As M. D'Avezac points out (Paris edition of 1863 of Bref Récit., p. 64) some versions read " we named this 

 cape," instead of " we reached this cape." 



^ Dr. Kohl (Discovery of iVIaine, p. 349) and De Costa (America, iv. 53 and 67) consider them to be the 

 same, but think the name was given before Cartier, as it appears in this region upon at least two maps before 

 Cartier's voyages— that of Maiollo of 1527 and of Viegas of 1534. But on the former " C. St. Paulo" is on New- 

 foundland, near St, Pierre, while on Cape Breton is a "Rio de St. Paulo." On the latter " S. Paulo" is on the 

 strait between the island marked Cape Breton and the mainland. It does not seem at all certain, then, that the 

 " S. Paulo" of these maps was tlie same as the "Sainct Paul" of Cartier, and it appears likely that Cartier gave 

 the name anew without knowledge or notice of its previous application in this region. 



^ Cartier says at Cape Lorraine: "There is low land, and seems to be the entrance to a river; but there is no 

 harbor of any value." This may help to locate it to one familiar with the locality. According to the charts, the 

 description might apply to either of these localities. Kear the latter are two hills, 1,130 and 1,220 feet high, and no 

 height is marked at Grand Anse. 



•' See Hakluyt, (lii. 155) where it is called " the nest harbour unto the northward of Cape Rase." Also op. 

 cit., p. 239, also Map of Avalon accompanying Murray's Geological Survey Newfoundland, London, 1881. Also 

 Whitbourne's Discourse and Discovery of New-found-land, 1622, p. 53, where "Harbor of Renouse" is said to be 

 six leagues north of Cape Race. 



* Hakluyt's account is now known to be erroneous in certain particulars. Cf. De Costa, America, iv. 56, 64-66. 



