CAETOGEAPHY TO CHAMPLAIN. 33 



Cape of Hope, our Poiut Miscou. The name " Terre de michalmau," I shall discuss upon 

 another page. " La bastille " ' is a word of which I can find no trace either in Cartier's 

 narrative or in any other map whatever. The only suggestion I have to offer as to its 

 origin, is that it was given to the region at the head of Bay Chalevir by Cartier, to signify 

 his intense disappointment at finding his hoped-for and expected western passage closed 

 up. He named a cape at the entrance of the Bay, Cape of Hope, because he hoped he 

 had found the passage ; when he found the broad way narrowing, his hoped-for freedom 

 to spread his sails for the west and far Cathay changing to close imprisonment, may he 

 not have named it, in disgust, a second Bastile ? 



As Cartier was on his way back from the head of the Bay, he saw natives at Tracadi- 

 gash Point, a fact commemorated by the word " Sauluages " on our map. " St. martin " 

 is clear, i.e. Cartier's name for Port Daniel ; and " C. de prey " was his C. Pratto— why so 

 corrupted I cannot say. " Onygnedo " was, of course, the Indian Honguedo of Cartier's 

 voyages, the Indian name for G-aspé Bay or the region thereabouts. The next word, "R. 

 de Memorawty " is certainly a corruption of Cartier's " Cape de Memorancy," as will be 

 seen by comparing it with the Mercator map of 1569, given below, and some others. It 

 will be remembered that Cartier gave this name on his first voyage to a cape on the north- 

 east of Anticosti, when he thought Anticosti was a part of the mainland, and on his map 

 represented it as a projection of the Gaspé peninsula. The names Cape St. Loys, or Aluise, 

 and Cape Memorancy would, therefore, be represented on the mainland in the maps of 

 Cartier's first voyage. But curiously enough, in all the maps that I have seen, when Anti- 

 costi has been removed from the mainland, these two names have been allowed to 

 remain.^ This will be seen on the Mercator map given below. For the same reason St. 

 Peter's Strait, really between Anticosti and Labrador, was thought by Cartier to be 

 between the mainland and land to the north. But when Anticosti was found to be an 

 island and so marked on the maps, the Strait of St. Peter was still left between the Gaspé 

 peninsula and the land to the north of it ; and so it appears in the Mercator map south 

 of Anticosti instead of north of it. The last word on the Gaspé peninsula ou our map 

 seems to me to belong to Anticosti with St. Peter's Strait, and to have been kept on the 

 mainland with it ; " de voille," appears to indicate that here Cartier turned to sail back 

 home. 



Upon the Labrador coast many of the names are those given in his second voyage. 

 There is none at the present Point des Monts. To the east of it we see " St. Jacques," to 

 which " Lez bancz " may also belong, for it appears on Mercator's map as " banc S. 

 Jaques," but there is no mention of such a place in Cartier's narrative. It seems to be 

 one more of the places named by Cartier or marked upon his maps, but not referred to in 

 his written descriptions.^ " Sept ys " he did name, and the " E. doulce" he referred to 



' The Bastile of Paris (spelled also, and originally Bastille) was used as a prison before the time of Cartier. 

 The admiral Chabot, whose place was filled by the Dauphin for whom this map we are considering was made, was 

 imprisoned there. Or the name may liave been given to some hill or rock resembhng a castle- 



- There is in this, it is hardly necessary to say, no shadow of an argument that Cartier went up the St. Law- 

 rence, south of Anticosti, in liis first voyage. Anticosti, like Prince Edward Island at a later period, was simply 

 added to the cartography of the Gulf, without affecting the nomenclature on tlie mainland of which the island was 

 previously thought to be a part. 



' Called " banc lormine" on Diego Homem's map of 1558. There is a bank at Cape des Monts, and it is not 

 impossible that this was the one referred to. Possibly one of Cartier's ships struck upon it on St. James' Day. 



Sec. 11,1889. 5. 



