36 GANONG ON ST. LAWEENCE 



impossible to resist the conclusion, allowing for tlie difference in topography all through 

 the two maps, that they are the same. "We see the same three small islands on the east, 

 and the whole group is even more correctly in the position of the Magdalene Islands than 

 it is in the Henri II map. Yet this " I. de S. Juan" has always been considered to be 

 Prince Edward Island. I shall return to this subject later on. 



Passing to the mainland we find the word " saluayos," evidently Cartier's " cap dez 

 Sauuaiges," and "rio de paris," a Spanish corruption, appearing on many maps, of Cartier's 

 " R. de Barcques." It will be noticed that the two are transposed on this map ; the former 

 should really be north of the latter. " C. del maro " stands in the position of St. Lunario," 

 and is either a corruption of that word,' or possibly of " St. Marie " or " Se. Marie " of the 

 source from which this and the Henri II map took it in common. The words " baya de 

 ralegno " are probably some Spanish corruption for Bay Chaleur, and in " ongedo " we 

 recognize Cartier's " Honguedo." On the northern shore of the Gulf we see "Eio de S. 

 quenain," a curious form for " Saguenay." To the east of it occurs " Jaqui," which must 

 be the " St. Jacques " and " banc St. Jacques " of the Henri II and Mercator maps ; while 

 " ylleos " may refer to Seven Islands, though those at " ysleos pinto " correspond better 

 with them. " Baya de S loreme" would appear to be intended for " St. Laurens," but if 

 so, it is out of position, as it belongs opposite Anticosti ; but " rio duce " is quite clear, 

 though " ysleos pinto " I do not understand. 



The next name is " nu minas salinas,"^ which I think, is intended for "numinas 

 balinas," many whales. It was near this place that Cartier speaks of having seen so many : 

 " Et n'est mémoire de iamais auoir tant veu de ballaynes que nous vismes celle iournee," 

 etc. " Ye de tronot " seems to be a repetition, of which there are many similar ones on the 

 map, of "Co. de tronot," Cartier's Cape Tiennot. ' " Todo yslas " is the "toutyws " of the 

 Henri II map, and in "breste " to the east of it we have another meaningless repetition'; 

 the most easterly "breste" is probably the "Brest" of Cartier. "Atelabara" may be a 

 very much corrupted Spanish form for White Sand.* On the west coast of Newfoundland 

 there are no names to be found. The name " prima vista " is fully discussed by Kohl, 

 Harrisse, Deane and others. It refers merely to Cabot's supposed or real land-fall at 

 this point. 



Dr. Kohl says of names on other parts of this map that, " the Spanish terms and 

 names are corrupted and disfigured in such an extrordinary way, that sometimes it is 

 nearly impossible to make out what the author means ; " and, again, speaking of certain 

 names being repeated or duplicated, of which we have an instance in " breste " above, he 

 says : " This doubling of names can be nothing else than an extraordinary blunder, or a 

 mark of great negligence in the preparation of the map." From such errors he concludes 

 that Cabot had nothing to do wiih it, but that some ignorant compiler had copied an 

 original manuscript in a very careless manner, and had written, in bad Spanish, his con- 

 struction of the language. Certainly our Grulf of St. Lawrence is very badly done. Aside 

 from the names, the topography is poor compared with the Henri II map. Anticosti is 

 too far up the St. Lawrence ; islands are put in phalanxes along the Labrador coast ; 



' Cartier in the Relation Originale has St. Limaire for St. Lunario. '' See page 34, note 2. 



' It must be remembered that according to the 159S ed. of Cartier's first voyage, there are two Brests on this 

 coast one of wliioh is an island. The more trustworthy Relation Originale, however, makes only one. 

 * See area blanca on p. 38. 



