CAETOGEAPHY TO CHAMPLAIN. 37 



Newfoundland is A^ery badly shown, and even Cartier's Bay of St. Luuario and some 

 other places are less well drawn than in any other map of the century. Latitude, however, 

 is rather good for that time, though the longitude is as usual far wrong. 



B.—T/ie Vallard Map, 1543-154'7. 



A map which resembles the Cabot map A'ery closely in many respects is the Nicholas 

 Vallard map of between 1543 and 1541 It belongs to a manuscript atlas, and the only 

 reproduction of it that I am acquainted with is that in Kohl's " Discovery of Maine," p. 354, 

 from which the tracing below is taken.' Very little is known of the map except that its 

 maker was a Portuguese, Vallard being considered to be merely the owner of the atlas and 

 not its maker. Kohl, it is a little surprising to see, considers this a more accurate map 

 than the Henri II. In this I cannot agree with him. 





■^^'^'^''-^ Rio bo canaba > 



o 



Fig. 4.— The Vallard Map, 1543-1547. 



To the group of islands in the Gulf, no name is assigned. If one compares their form 

 and position with those on other maps, he will see there is no escaping the conclusion that 

 they represent this group, and not Prince Edward Island, as Kohl and others have 

 supposed. The long island is too near the shore, it is true — a point that I shall consider 

 presently. "We find no names upon the mainland until we come to the north shore of the 

 Gulf, though the topography has the usual form. Beginning at "le Saguenay " and going 

 eastward, we meet with " banc lormine," where in other ma^îs we have found " banc St. 

 .Tacques " and " St. .Jacques." I do not know the meaning of this word, but it suggests 

 the names of two of Cartier's ships on his second voyage, "la grande Hermine" and " la 

 petite Hermine." ' " t Hies," " Rio douche," " G. lorens," are all clear. It must be 

 remembered that this is a Portuguese map, and many of the names are to be expected to 

 have a Portuguese form. " Rio grant " we have not met with before. Cartier does not 

 mention a river in this region. He does speak of what he named Bay of St. Lawrence as 

 being "une moult belle et grawde baye," and this "grande" bay may have become 



' Also copied in Winsor's America, iv. 87. 



* French, l'Hermine. Portuguese, lormine f Compare Faillon, Histoire, i. 505. See antea, p. 33, note 3. 



