CAETOGRAPHY TO CHAMPLAIN. 39 



be uo doubt, tbeu, that these belong to that group. I do not know the meaning of " ilha 

 de seuesaus," unless this be the Portuguese name of some of the birds found by Cartier on 

 Bird Islands. On the land to the west we have in " Ribeira de paris " the same corrup- 

 tion or form for "E. de baroques" that we had on the Cabot map. "Cap de bestus " 

 stands fcr " C. des Sauuaiges ;" "baia de luuari " is clear; "micheomai" I shall consider 

 later, under Miramichi. "Le lac de chaleur" is plain, and in " lomgue " we have a great 

 corruption of " Honguedo." " I. simpler " is written for " Assumption." East of " 8oquenai " 

 we have "Sep: isles" and " Mibera." I believe the latter is meant for " Eibera," and 

 alludes to Cartier's " Rivière douce," the present Moisie. " Le beau pais " may apj^ly to the 

 land along the coast to the east of Seven Islands, which Cartier described as " basses terres 

 plaines de beaux arbes." ' " La baie de S. lorenzo " is clearly " La Baye iit. Laurens " of Car- 

 tier, but "mines de cuivres " (mines of copper), which occurs in two places on this coast, 

 is c[uite new. 1 find no justification for its use anywhere in Cartier's narratives. Does it 

 indicate a result of some later A'oyage known to Homem, or was it placed on a map by 

 some maker for purposes best knoAvn to himself? "Pais de ternate " and "Cap de 

 ternate " stand for " Tiennot " without doubt ; " Salines " is the " salliuas " of the Cabot 

 map removed too far to the east. " Todo illes " we have seen on other maps. " Cap de 

 illes" may be one of the seA^eral groups of islands Cartier mentions as occurring in this 

 region. On the whole this map is not an advance on some earlier ones, but rather a 

 retrogression so far as the Gulf of St. Lawrence is concerned. 



F.— T/ie Freire Map, 1546. 



There is still another important Portuguese map of this period which should be 

 noticed, that of Freire of 1546. It is in manuscript, and has been reproduced by Kunst- 

 man in his Atlas." In it, however, some of the names are so corrupted as to be almost 

 unrecognizable. At the Magdalenes we see "I. broi," "I. allesai," "I. dareas," all of 

 which are readily recognizable. Cape of the Savages is called " C. delimargi ;" Honguedo, 

 " homgaeda; " Rivière doulce, " agoadoce ; " C. Tiennot, " C. de tienoze," and so on. The 

 west coast of Newfoundland is left undefined, shading off into the Grulf. This map 

 illustrates the extreme of corruption of Cartier's names. 



Gr. —Tlie Mercator Map, 1569. 



In the year 1569 we find a map which for completeness and correctness is rivalled 

 only by the Henri II map. It was made by Grerard Mercator, a German, both drawn and 

 engraved by him. It has been reproduced by Jomard in his " Monumens de la Géogra- 

 phie," and from that work the sketch is taken. After what has been said in the preceding 

 pages, an explanation of its topography or names is hardly needed. Attention must, 

 however, be given to one or two points 



The two islands nearly blocking up the entrance to the Gulf are, of course, a part of 

 Newfoundland ; and the large island to the west, the analogy of other maps will allow us 



' Bref Récit, éd. 1863, p. 10 a. ^ Accompanying Die Entdeckung Amerikas. 



