so GANONG ON ST. LAWEENOE 



are incorporated iu the charts of Dudley's " Arcauo del Mare " of 1647, but the poor 

 topography of the latter does not help us in locating them. 



All the accounts of voyages given by Hakluyt are of voyages subsequent to 1580, and it 

 is probable they were numerous after that date, few before it. In this connection, a passage 

 in the " Briefe and summary discourse upon the intended voyage to the hithermost 

 parts of America, written by Captaiue Carlile, in April, 1583," given by Hakluyt,' is of the 

 greatest importance. It reads as follows, in connection with the voyages of Cartier : — 

 " Thus the poore king of the Countrey, with two or three others of his chiefe companions, 

 comming aboorde the French shippes, being required thither to a banquet, was traiter- 



ously caryed away into France, where hee lived foure yeeres This outrage 



and iniurious dealing did put the whole Countrey people into such dislike with the French, 

 as never since they w^ould admit any conversation or familiaritie with them, vntil of late 

 yeeres, the olde matter beginning to grow out of minde, and being the rather drawen on 

 by gifts of many trifling things, which were of great value with them, they are as (I 

 sayde) within these two or three yeeres content againe to admit a traffique, which two 

 yeeres since was begunne with a small barke of thirtie tuunes, whose returne was found 

 so profitable, as the next yeere following, being the last yeere, by those marchants, who 

 meant to have kept the trade secret vnto themselves, from any others of their own 

 Countrey men, there was hired a shippe of fourscore tunues out of the Isle of lersey. 

 . . . . This shippe made her returne in such sorte as that this yeere they have 

 multiplyed three shippes, to w^it, one of nine score tunnes, another of an hundreth tuunes, 

 and a third of fourscore tunnes." In Hakluyt's " Discourse on Western Planting," - written 

 in 1584, we read : " The Frenche, the Normans, the Brytons or the Duche, or some other 

 nation, will not onely prevente us of the mightie Baye of St. Lawrence, where they have 

 gotten the starte of us already," etc. And again, in the same, we read : — " And nowe our 

 neighboures, the men of St. Malo, in Brytaine, in the begynnynge of Auguste laste paste, 

 of this yere 1584, are come home with five shippes from Canada and the countries upp the 

 Bay of St. Lawrence . . . they are preparinge tenne shippes to returne thither in January 

 nexte." In 1587, two sous of Jacques Noel, nephew of Cartier, were in Canada, and Noel 

 had been there himself'' All of these facts, together with others, show the existence of a 

 trade in the Grulf, and Ohamplain's first voyage up the St. Lawn-ence in 1603, was to a 

 region annually visited by traders. During these years some new names appeared in 

 the G-ulf The patent of De Monts, of 1608, mentions, iu addition to well-known places, 

 " Bayes de Sainct-cler, de Chaleur, Ile Percée, Chischedec, Mesamichi, Lesquemin, Tadous- 

 sac," ■* etc. 



Yet, none of these voyages made any impression upon the maps of the time. "Whyt- 

 . fliet's of 159V, shows no trace of them, nor have they produced any influence that I can 

 see, until the map of Lescarbot, of 1609, and Lescarbot derived his knowledge from 

 Champlain. In other words, there was no advance in a cartographical knowledge of the 

 G-ulf of St. Lawrence, given to the world, between Cartier and Champlain. "We see here 

 illustrated the fact that the cartography of a new region advances not by steps, but by 

 leaps. It took an explorer to make or improve a map. Cartographers, in their studies in 



1 Hakluyt, iii. p. 233. - Maine Hist. Soc. Coll. Documentary History, 1877, ii. 102. 



" Hakluyt, iii. 291. ' Lescarbot. Identity of these places is considered in the Appendix. 



