116 SANDFOED FLEMING ON 



In the autumn of 1829, Mv. Douglas again sailed from England for the Pacific coast 

 of North America. Between the date of his arrival and 1834, his explorations extended 

 generally through the country drained by the Columbia and the Fraser. The two last 

 years of his life were devoted to scientific examinations in British Columbia. 



In his travels through the country he obtained the knowledge of many ]Dlants, birds 

 and mammals hitherto unknown ; his discoveries include the "Douglas fir," which will 

 always bear his name. 



David Douglas was born at Scone, Perthshire, in 1Y98. His end is much to be 

 deplored ; he was gored to death by a wild bull in the Sandwich Islands, July 12th, 1834. 



(12) Explm-ations and Travels of Mr. Robert Campbell, 1830—1843. 



Among the adventurous men sent out by the Hudson's Bay Company, to explore 

 the country beyond the Eocky Mountains, Mr. Robert Campbell takes a prominent place. 

 The field of his operations was mainly in the territory to the north of British Columbia, 

 still only imperfectly known. 



Mr. Campbell was born at Gleulyon, in Scotland ; he left home on June 1st, 1830, 

 under an engagement with the Hudson's Bay Company. He lauded at York Factory, and 

 proceeded to Fort Garry. He was variously employed until the spring of 1834, when he 

 was transferred to the Mackenzie River district. In 1838 he established a trading post at 

 Dease Lake, one of the sources of the river Liard, an important tributary of Mackenzie 

 River. On this occasion he passed over to Stikeen River, which flows into the Pacific near 

 Fort Wrangle, now well known in connection with the " Cassiar " gold fields of British 

 Columbia. In 1840, Campbell travelled up the northern branch of the Liard. Leaving 

 Fort Halkett on the latter river in May, with seven men he ascended the branch several 

 hundred miles into the mountains to a lake which he named Lake Francis ; and some 

 distance further, to a second lake, in about latitude 62° N. longitude 180° W., which 

 he called Lake Finlaysou. From this point he passed to the western slope, and in 

 two days' travel he discovered a wide stream which he styled the river Pelly. In 1841 

 a trading post was established on Lake Francis. In 1843, Mr. Campbell left Lake Francis, 

 recrossed the mountain to Pelly River, which he descended for some distance. This 

 river discovered by him proved to be identical with the Yukon which flows into the 

 Pacific far north. Three hundred miles from the sources of the Pelly, Fort Selkirk was 

 established, and the river was explored by Campbell YOO miles to Fort Yukon, established 

 in 1846 by J. Bell of the Hrulson's Bay Company, 150 miles within the Alaska boundary. 

 From Fort Yukon, situated almost directly on the Arctic circle and about 145^ W. 

 longitude, Mr. Campbell ascended the river Porcupine to its eastern sources, crossed the 

 height of land to Peel River, a small tributary of the Mackenzie, not far from its outlet 

 in the Arctic Ocean. Following the tributary to the main stream, he ascended Mackenzie 

 River to Fort Simpson, his starting point at the mouth of the Liard. 



In 1852-53 Mr. Campbell made a remarkable journey from the Yukon territory to 

 England. He left White River, near the Alaskan boundary, on September 6th, ascended 

 the Pelly to one of its sources, crossed the mountains to a branch of the Liard, which he fol- 

 lowed to Fort Simpson, at which place he arrived on October 21st. Winter having set in, 

 he started on snowshoes to make a journey to Crow Wing, on the Mississippi, extending 



