EXPEDITIONS TO l'AClFlC. 119 



St. Lawrence to the western side of the Rocky Mountains. These expeditions, and the 

 objects in view, no longer partook of the character which distinguished the explorations 

 and journeys undertaken during the preceding half century. The Hudson's Bay Company 

 and its officers ceased to be exclusively and actively connected with them. 



(1) 31r. Paul Katies Travels, 184G— 1848. 



Mr. Paul Kane, of Toronto, had stiidied art in Europe, and returned to Canada 

 with the determination to devote his time and talents to the completion of a series of 

 paintings illustrative of Indian life and character. 



Mr. Kane obtained an interview with the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 

 Sir Gi-eorge Simpson, who entered cordially into the project, and gave directions to the 

 company's officers to facilitate the artist's movements in every way. He set out from 

 Toronto in May, 184G, his design being, whenever an opportunity ottered, to make por- 

 traits of the principal chiefs in their native dress, and characteristically to represent on 

 canvas the Indian tribes and the scenery of the almost unknown country. 



Mr. Kane was enabled to travel to the Northwest, with a brigade of canoes of the 

 Hudson's Bay Company, which he joined on Lake Superior. About midsummer he reached 

 Red River ; he passed northerly by Lake Winnipeg to the Saskatchewan, which river he 

 ascended to Edmonton. Early in October he left Edmonton, passing by way of Fort 

 Assiniboine, on the Athabasca, to Jaspar House; thence he crossed the mountains by the 

 Athabasca Pass to Columbia River, down which stream he made a rapid descent of 

 fifteen days to Fort Vancouver, reaching that place on December 8th. 



Fort Vancouver, on his visit, contained two chief factors, ten clerks, and two 

 hundred voyageurs. The fort was further enlivened by the presence of the officers of 

 H.M.S. " Modeste," which had been on the station for two years. 



The artist remained at Fort Vancouver until the beginning of January, when he 

 proceeded southward some distance up the river Willamette. He then found his way 

 northward to Puget Sound and Vancouver Island. Here, among various Indian tribes, 

 he spent the summer of 184Y. In the autumn he returned to the Columbia, and by 

 the ascent of that river, the route usually followed, he reached Edmonton in December, 

 meeting with hardships and suffering on the journey owing to the lateness of the season. 

 The following spring Mr. Kane passed down the Saskatchewan. At Cumberland House, 

 on June 12th, he met Sir John Richardson and Dr. Rae on their way to Mackenzie 

 River in search of Sir John Franklin. He reached Toronto early in October, 1848. 



A full account of Mr. Kane's journey and experience is graphically given in a 

 volume published in 1859, " Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North 

 America, from Canada to Vancouver Island and Oregon." Some of Mr. Kane's pictures 

 are to be seen at the Speakers' residence, in the House of Commons, Ottawa ; the greater 

 number of them are in the private collection of Senator Allan, Moss Park, Toronto. 



(2) Travels of Earl of Soulhesk, 1859-1860. 



In the spring of 1859, the Earl of Southesk accompanied Sir George Simpson by way 

 of St. Paul, Minnesota, to Red River. He left Fort Garry in June on an expedition to the 



