120 SANDFOEP FLEMING ON 



mouutaius ; the route followed was the trail to Edmonton. From Edmonton he proceeded 

 westward to the river McLeod, which he ascended iuto the heart of the mountains. In 

 gaining- the height of land, he followed the eastern slope of the mountains to the sources 

 of Bow Eiver, which he descended until he met the Edmonton trail which Sir George 

 Simpson passed over in 1841, and which Lord Southesk followed. Eeturning by way 

 of the North Saskatchewan, Forts Carlton and Pelly, he reached Fort Grarry in Janirary, 

 1860. From Fort Garry he passed by way of Minnesota to New York and took passage 

 for England. In 18*75 a volume was published with a narrative of Lord Southesk's 

 travels and adventures. 



(3) Explorations of Captain Fa/liser ami his Associates, ISôT — 1860. 



The explorations of Captain Palliser took place in 185'7-60, under instructions 

 from the Imperial Government. He ascended the St. Lawrence, and traversed the lakes 

 to Fort William, where his examination may be said to have commenced. He was 

 assisted by several well known scientific men, among whom may be named Dr. Hector 

 and Lieutenant Blakistou, Mr. John W. Sullivan and M. Bourgeau. The examinations 

 made by the expedition extended from Lake Superior to the Okanagan Lakes in British 

 Columbia, and from the frontier of the United States northward to the sources of the 

 chief rivers which flow to the Arctic Ocean. 



In the summer of 1857, the attention of Captain Palliser was directed to that portion 

 of the country lying between Lake Superior and the prairies. The examination was 

 continued up Eed River to Pembina, up the Assiniboine to Fort Ellice, and up the 

 Qu'Appelle to the elbow of the South Saskatchewan thence across the country to Fort 

 Carlton on the North Saskatchewan. The members of the expedition arrived at this place 

 in October, and their winter cjuarters were established here. From Fort Carlton, Captain 

 Palliser started for Fort Garrj"-, the United States and Canada, to return the following 

 spring. Dr. Hector made a winter journey from Fort Carlton up the North Saskatchewan 

 to Fort Pitt, Edmonton and Rocky Mountain House. He also penetrated the first range 

 of mountains. 



At the commencement of the summer of 1858, the various branches of the expedition 

 set out from Carlton to examine the Eagle Hills, Battle River, Red Deer River and Bow 

 River districts. The latter stream was followed to the mountains along the route on which 

 the Pacific Railway is to-day constructed. The Yermiliou and Kanauaskis passes were 

 examined and the sources of Kootenay River reached. Dr. Hector returned by Kicking 

 Horse River, and explored in the general direction of the mountains to the Brazeau 

 range, and from the sources of the North Saskatchewan he followed the course of that 

 river to Edmonton. Traces of the wearisome journeys, made by him in this and the 

 following years, are everywhere to be met by the railway traveller in the names of 

 mountains and rivers between Calgary and the Columbia. Captain Palliser extended 

 his journey to the boundary of the United States, and returning northerly reached' 

 Edmonton in September. Dr. Hector reached that post in October. 



In January, 1859, Dr. Hector left Edmonton on a journey to the mountains. He made 

 his way by the usual means of travelling in winter to Jaspar House, thence to the Atha- 

 basca pass. Returning to Edmonton in April, he immediately left for Fort Pitt. Captain 



