MAINE AND NEW BEUNSWICK. 69 



different formatious as these successively present themselves, from south to uorth, along 

 the international boundary. 



At the point where this boundary turns northwarci from the Bay of Fuudy, the coast 

 line of the latter is extremely irregular, presenting in particular two deep indentations, of 

 which the larger, Passamaquoddy Bay, lies almost wholly within the ProA'ince of New 

 Brunswick, while the second, or Cobscook Bay, is wholly in the State of Maine. Both are 

 themselves broken by numerous smaller indentations, but this is especially true of Cobs- 

 cook Bay ; while between the two is what is practically a long, narrow peninsula, the larger 

 part of which, known as Moose Island, and supporting the town of Eastport, is separated 

 from the mainland only V)y a narrow channel. Across the mouth of Passamaquoddy Bay, 

 and separating it from the Bay of Fundy, is a chain of islands, of which Deer Island is 

 the most considerable, while olf that of Cobscook Bay, but stretching eastward and partly 

 overlapping as a parallel belt to that of Deer Island, is the still larger Island of Campo 

 Bello. 



The geology of Passamaquoddy Bay was first worked out by the writer, in connection 

 with Mr. Gr. F. Matthew and Mr. E. W. Ells, in 1870-*71, at which time it was shown that 

 this indentation is upon three of its sides, the eastern, northern and western, the latter 

 including Moose Island, bordered by a series of but slightly inclined rocks, of which one 

 portion, the lower, was composed of siliceous slates and sandy shales, containing fossil 

 shells, while the upper was to a large extent of volcanic origin, embracing diorites, 

 with associated red and purple sandstones, amygdaloids and felsites ; both being at 

 various points covered unconformably by the coarse red conglomerates of the Perry series, 

 then regarded as Lower Carboniferous. Similar fossils were collected from Bi'oad Cove 

 and Shackford's H(>ad on the west side of Moose Island, and from the latter, as identified 

 by the late Mr. Billings, the whole series, described in the New Brunswick reports as the 

 Mascarene series, was referred to the Upper Silurian. At the same time the rocks of Deer 

 Island, consisting largely of slates, with intercalated masses of diorite, and which, by a 

 fold, were supposed to be repeated in Campo Bello, were found to lie unconformably 

 beneath the Silurian and, from the evidence of facts seen farther east, were described and 

 re]3reseuted on the maps as Pre-Cam1)rian. Finally, of the smaller islands between Deer 

 Island and Campo Bello, and which ditler greatly among themselves, some were referred 

 also to the Pre-Cambrian, but th:^ larger part to either the Silurian or the Lower 

 Carboniferous. 



In his more recent examination of Cobscook Bay, Prof Shaler also recognizes the 

 existence here of two separate formations, which he designates respectively as the Cobs- 

 cook series and the Campo Bello series, of which the latter is regarded as lying immediately 

 below the former. While, however, the rocks of the Cobscook series everywhere yielded 

 to him as to us an abundant harvest of fossils — those of some localities being of a distinctly 

 Lower Helderberg type, while at others they were rather of the age of the Clinton and 

 Niagara — the rocks of Deer Island and Campo Bello, after the most careful search, failed 

 to yield any. The latter are, by Prof Shaler, compared directly with the Cambrian system, 

 and are said to nearly resemble the rocks of that age about Cambridge and Boston ; 

 but when we recall what is now known of the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick, 

 both as regards the persistency with which its peculiar features are retained, and the 

 remarkable fauna which it yields, it seems hardly possible that this view can be a correct 



