THE lEOQUOlS BEACH. 133 



closing barrier are not yet at rest, Lake Ontario, still young, is likely long to survive the 

 successors of the species of animals contemporary with its youth, some of which are 

 already extinct. 



(14.) Directions for use of those who wish to follow the Beach.— In 

 Hamilton, all the ridges are united into one beach with a height of 363 feet above the 

 sea. It crosses the Dundas valley as a spit— the Burlington Heights— at eight feet 

 lower, and beyond, near Watertown Station, its height is 365 feet. Thence, it extends 

 north-eastward parallel to the lake, in frout of the shaly bluffs of the Medina and 

 Hudson series. The beach is conspicuous near Burlington. It is well developed at the 

 crossing of the Twelve-Mile Creek, north of Bronte ; but just beyond, it is replaced by a 

 cut-terrace, on the floor of which there are a few boulders. North of Oakville Station, it 

 is broken into three ridges. Dundas Street (an old military road) follows it from Cooks- 

 ville, where there is a great gravel pit at about 400 feet above tide, to Islington, and near 

 the latter place there is a great development of the frontal sand-ridge. Thence, it is mter- 

 rupted to beyond the Humber, where there is a spit at Lambton ; from this place it passes 

 into the Davenport Ridge, w^here, at Carlton Station (G. T. R.) west of Toronto, it is 

 41*7 feet. North of Toronto, the Iroquois shore is in part represented by a gravel beach, 

 and in part by a cut-terrace at the foot of a bold sand-ridge. For several miles, across the 

 Don Valley, it is broken, but at York Station it is represented by a long spit. Near this, 

 it abruptly ends against Scarboro' Heights, upon the eastern side of which it is again seen 

 at the intersection of the Gr.T.R. and the Kingston (old military) road with an elevation 

 of 459 feet. Thence it swings round to six miles north of Whitby, crossing the Midland 

 Railway (507 feet). It passes north of Bowmanville, at Stephens Mills, there crossing a 

 large creek, as also near Orono. The Kingston road follows it for several miles on either 

 side of Clarke Village ; and thence the beach is easily followed to a ridge north of Fort 

 Hope, behind which it swings round, and skirts an abayment, being modified by a large 

 valley. North of Cobourg, it is again broken in a very rough country, near Baltimore, 

 but it is found on the sides of a long clay ridge and elsewhere. Two miles north of Col- 

 borne, it occurs at a height of 602 feet. Between this place and Brighton, there is a point 

 where the beach is unusually high, owing to its exposure to extraordinarily high waves 

 during its formation. Also, at this locality, the beach is broken up into an unusual number 

 of crests and spurs. The frontal boulder pavement throughout this region, and especially 

 east of Brighton, and extending to north of Trenton, is more strongly developed than 

 to the westward. Between Brighton and Trenton, the country is very much broken by 

 great valleys, and long detours are necessary to follow the beach. The height, two and a 

 half miles north of Trenton Station, is 682 feet. Above this, however, there is a spit 

 across a small ravine, and yet higher a delta-cone. The beach rests upon the flank of the 

 Murray Hills, which rise still higher to about 860 feet above the sea. In this region, the 

 Trent River cuts through these drift hills to the limestone floor, 500 feet or more below 

 their summits. This excavation by the Trent River was during and since the epoch of 

 the Iroquois Beach. A few miles farther east, the drift hills, near Belleville, become 

 broken down, much below the beach level, and as such disappear or are replaced by 

 lower detached ridges. Hence, the beach swings round, back of the Oak Hills, to near 

 Campbellford, and thence stretches north-eastward towards the Ottawa River. In that 



