s 4 EEV. GEOEGE PATTEESON ON 



the power of setting up states, free towns, free ports, etc. ; of establishing markets and 

 fairs ; of holding courts of justice and admiralty; of levying all tolls, customs, anchor 

 dues, and other revenuesof the said towns, etc., with all other prerogatives, &c., which, 

 the King himself could give or grant, and in as ample form as any of his ancestors 

 granted any charters to any subjects of whatever rank and character. 



It also constitutes Sir William and his heirs hereditary Lieutenants-Greneral for 

 representing His Majesty both by sea and land, authorizing them to govern, rule and 

 punish all his subjects, to pardon the same ; to establish such laws, etc., as to them shall 

 seem fit, and to change and alter the same ; in case of rebellion, to use martial law ; in 

 case of noblemen joining the expedition, to confer favours, privileges, gifts and honours on 

 those who deserve them, to convey any part of said land, etc. ; also, to erect machines, 

 introduce arts and sciences, or practise the same ; to make and appoint such captains, 

 oificers, bailiffs, governors, etc., for the execution of justice, as shall seemiiecessary to them 

 or to remove the same from office. 



It goes OB, to say : " As it is very important that all our beloved subjects who inhabit 

 the said Province of New Scotland or its borders may live in the fear of Almighty God, 

 and at the same time in His true worship, and may have an earnest purpose to establish 

 the Christian religion therein, and also to cultivate peace and qviiet with the native 

 inhabitants and savage aborigines of these lands, so that they, and any others trading 

 there, may safely, pleasantly and quietly hold what they have got with great labour and 

 peril. We . . . give and grant to the said Sir William Alexander and foresaids . . . 

 free and absolute power of arranging and securing peace, alliance, friendship, mutual 

 conferences, assistance, intercourse, etc." It also granted the power of attacking suddenly, 

 invading, expelling, and by arms driving away . . . all and singly those who without their 

 special license should attempt to occupy these lands, or trade in the said Province of New 

 Scotland. They were also authorized to construct " forts, fortresses, castles, etc., with posts 

 and naval stations, and also ships of war ;" to " establish garrisons of soldiers, and generally 

 to do all things for the acquisition, increase, and introduction of people and persons to 

 preserve and govern New Scotland .... as the King might do if present in person." 

 There was even granted the right of regulating and coining money. These and many 

 other privileges were given on the sole condition of paying annually " one penny of 

 Scottish money, if so much be demanded." Less, we think, could scarcely be asked. 



Soon after obtaining his patent, Sir William made an arrangement for the transfer of 

 his rights in the island of Cape Breton, originally included in the Province of New 

 Scotland, to his friend Sir Robert Gordon, of Lochinvar. To this, styled the barony of 

 New Galloway, the latter, with his son Robert, obtained a royal charter, dated 8th 

 November, 1621. 



Sir William lost no time in adopting measures for settling his territory. In March, 

 1622, he provided a ship at London, which he sent round the coast to Kirkcudbright, 

 where he hoped, through the influence of Sir Robert Gordon, whose lands lay in that 

 direction, to obtain a body of emigrants. The inducenaents offered, however, were too 

 meagre to attract persons possessing the ordinary comforts of life at home. Only 

 purchasers of land were to have any rights in the soil. Farmers might obtain leases ; but, 

 after a specified time, all were to pay one-thirteenth part of the land revenue to the 

 Lieu tenant-General. Artizans might receive holdings, but only for their lives. We 



