3?>^ 



MADAGASCAR 



CHAP. 



occur on the mainland, 6 on the Comoros, one on the Seychelles, 

 and 16 in Mauritius. The ^\xh-gQnQv?i Acroptychia and Hainesia 

 are peculiar. 



The fresh-water Mollusca of Madagascar contain further 



Fig. 222. — Pachyotus auris 

 vulplna Desh., St. Helena 

 (sub-fossil). 



Fig. 223. —Helix {HeUcophanta) 

 Soiwerbia/ia Fisch., Mada- 

 gascar, showing embryonic 

 shell. X §, 



traces of Indian relationship. Thus we find two species of 

 Paludomus^ a genus whose metropolis is Ceylon, India, and 

 Further India, and which is barely represented on the Seychelles 

 and in the Somali district. Melanatria^ which is peculiar to 

 Madagascar, has its nearest affinities in the Cingalese and East 

 Indian faunas. Several of the Melania and the two Bithyiiia are 



of a type entirely wanting in Africa, 

 but common in the Indo-Malay sub- 

 region. Not a single one of the char- 

 acteristic African fresh-water bivalves 

 (^Mutela^ Spatha, Aetlieria^ Galatea^ 

 etc.) has been found in Madagascar. 

 On the other hand, certain African 



Fig. 2^.-Cyclosto7na campanu- Gasteropoda, such as Cleopatra and Isi- 

 miwm Pfr., Madagascar. ^ , ,. . . 



aora^ occur, indicating, in common with 



the land Mollusca, that an ultimate land connexion with Africa 



must have taken place, but at an immeasurably remote period. 



