Xll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FfG. PAGE 



48. Map showing pantropic distribution of the Palm family . .187 



4Q. Map showing arctic-alpine distribution as exemplified by Saxifraga 



oppositifolia agg. . . . . . . . . .189 



50. Map showing range of Drooping Ladies'-tresses (North Atlantic, 



etc., distribution) . . . . . . . . .190 



51. Map showing range of Skunk-cabbage (North Pacific distribution) 190 



52. Map showing North-South American distribution of Pitcher-plant 



family . . . . . . . . . . .190 



53. Map showing range of Cimicifuga foetida (Europe-Asian distribution) 191 



54. Map showing range of species of Platanus . . . . .192 



55. Map showing pantropical discontinuous range of the genus Biiddleia 



and the mainly neotropical range of the family Vochysiaceae . 193 



56. Map showing range of the genus jfovellana (South Pacific distribution) 194 



57. Map showing range of the genus Asclepias (South Atlantic, etc., 



distribution) . . . . . . . . . .194 



58. Map showing (Antarctic) range of the genus Nothofagiis . .195 



59. Map showing (bipolar) range of the genus Empetrum . . .196 



60. Map showing intracontinental discontinuous distribution in Australia 



of the section Erythrorhiza of the genus Drosera . . .197 



61. Map showing ' Lusitanian ' distribution of Mackay's Heath . . 197 



62. Maps showing known localities of Low Sandwort . . . 198 



63. Map showing recent and ' fossil ' stations of the Water-chestnut in 



Scandinavia . . . . . . . . . .199 



64. Transatlantic vicariads ........ 203 



65. Map showing main vegetational-climatic regions of the world . 213 



66. Geographical distribution of world Rice production . . . 225 



67. World Wheat production ........ 227 



68. World Rye production . . . . . . . . 228 



69. World Maize production ........ 230 



70. World Potato production ; also some Greenland vegetables . .232-3 



71. World Flax-seed production ....... 236 



72. World Cotton production ........ 237 



73. World Peanut (Groundnut) production ..... 238 



74. World Tobacco production. ....... 240 



75. World distribution of annual Cane and Beet Sugar production . 241 



76. World production of Cocoa Beans ...... 244 



77. World CofTee production ........ 245 



78. Distribution of the world's human population .... 256 



79. Moss Campion flowering only on the south-facing sides and tops of 



its domed tussocks near 80° N. in Spitsbergen .... 285 



80. Annual mean, and mean temperature of the warmest month, in 



different parts of the world ....... 286-7 



81. Average annual precipitation in different parts of the world . . 290 



82. Effect of wind on trees ........ 292 



83. Aspect effects in Colorado and Nepal ...... 295 



84. Three soil profiles of comparable depth ..... 299 



85. Distribution of primary soil groups of the world .... 300 



86. Some important effects of grazing ...... 308 



87. Devastating results of overgrazing ...... 309 



88. Margin of tropical oligotrophic lake, with steep rocky sides and rapidly 



deepening water, supporting few larger plants . . . .318 



89. Lake of eutrophic type near Prout's Neck, Maine . . .319 



90. Diagram illustrating stages of hydrosere with deposition of peat . 326 



91. Sedge-meadow stage of hydrosere colonized by some hygrophytic 



shrubs and trees, near Prout's Neck, Maine . . . .326 



92. Telescoped stages of xerosere in Norwegian Lapland . . .327 



93. Psammosere at Prout's Neck, Maine, showing Marram Grass binding 



sand above high-tide mark ....... 328 



94. Tycafless condition of mixed deciduous summer forest in northeastern 



United States — in winter . . . . . . -338 



