352 



INTRODUCTION TO PLANT GEOGRAPHY 



[chap. 



Associated are other trees, including members of the Laurel and 

 Magnolia families, and numerous shrubs forming a dense under- 

 growth. Woody climbers (lianes) are plentiful, as are epiphytic 

 Ferns and some Orchids. 



2. The temperate evergreen forest of the southeastern United 

 States (but not southern Florida which is subtropical) where again 

 more or less evergreen Oaks may predominate — especially Live 

 Oak {Ouercus virginiana) in the so-called ' hammocks '. Here the 

 Evergreen Magnolia {Magnolia grandiflora) is often prominent. 



Fig. ioi. — Warm-temperate rain forest in southeastern United States. Live Oak 



{Quercus virginiana) and other trees are festooned with Spanish-moss {Tillandsia 



usneoides). Aquatic vegetation inhabits a sluggish stream in the foreground. 



There are a few lianes and temperate Palms in the rich shrubby 

 undergrowth, and on the trees may be a fair range of herbaceous 

 epiphytes among which the so-called Spanish-moss frequently 

 dominates the landscape (Fig. loi). However, the true broad-leafed 

 forest is rather little represented because of edaphic and biotic and 

 especially fire influences. These lead to subclimax areas occupied 

 respectively by Bald-cypress [Taxodium distichum — see Fig. 102) or 

 other summer-green swamps or, on dry sands, by evergreen Pine 

 forest or savanna. Prominent Pines in this connection are the 

 Loblolly [Pinus taeda), Longleaf (P. paliistris), and Slash (P. 

 caribaea), 



3. The rain forest in New Zealand, which is almost entirely 



