VEGETATIONAL TYPES OF TEMPERATE LANDS 35? 



the dominant trees are often sparse and include Conifers and several 

 species of evergreen Oaks, which in \ery dry situations are reduced 

 to mere shrubs. The main mass of vegetation is commonly a thick 

 and often tall scrub composed of representatives of very diverse 

 families, with some associated succulents and numerous bulbous 

 and tuberous herbs. Over some considerable areas trees are absent, 

 this being the characteristic chaparral (Fig. 104), while, in others, 

 only occasional isolated gnarled trees rise above the maquis-like 

 scrub. Even where they form a canopy, the trees are typically only 

 20 40 feet high. 



Fig. 105. — Sclerophyllous forest in Australia, dominated by lofty Gum-trees 



{Eucalyptus spp.). 



