INDEX 



;87 



Balsam Poplar, see Populus 

 Balsams, 273 



Baltic Sea, ice and marginal vegetation 

 of, 531 



• , low salinity of, 507, 522 



Bamboo, 351, 354, 427, 467 

 Banana, see Miisa paradisiaca s.l. 

 Baobab, see Adansotiio digitata 

 Baragzisanathia, 145 

 Barberry, see Berberis 

 Bark, 14, 360, 440, 441, 446 

 Barley, see Hordeum riilgore s.l. 

 Barrens, 315, 333, 383, 395, 396, 397, 



398, 399, 403, 404. 405, 418, 531 

 Barriers, closed communities as, 126, 161 

 — , dispersal and, iii, 120, 125-6, 161 



— to migration, 105-6, iii, 125-6,202 

 Barringtouia, 460 



Bars, 550 

 Barton, J., 17 

 Barton, L. V., 127 

 Basic element of distribution, 212 

 Basil, 262 

 Bass (Fish), 477 



Basswood, see Tilio and T. americotia 

 ' Batrachian ' Ranunculus, see Ranun- 

 culus aquatilis s.l. 

 Batrachospermum, 40 

 Bay (plant), 262 



— rum, 275 



Beaches, 399, 400, 421, 458, 538, 550 



Beans, 233, 258 



Bear Sedge, see Corex ursina 



Bearberry, see Arctostaphylos 



Beard, J. S., 426, 471 



Beaufort, F. L. de, 17, 19 



Beaver, 305 



Beech, see Fagus, F. sylvatico, etc. 



— forest, 313, 334, 342, 553 

 Beechnut, 258 



Beer, 260, 261 



Beet, see Beta and B. vulgaris 



Beggar-ticks, see Bidens 



Belladonna, 263 



Bellard's Kobresia, see Kobresia niyo- 



suroides 

 Bellis perennis (English Daisy), 78 

 Belt-forming Algae, eulittoral zone, 495 



— transect, 567 



Beneficial characters, 562, 563 



Bennett, H. H., 579 



Bennettitales, 139 



Benthic Algae, 492, 493, 498-9, 529,534 



— environment, 492—500, 521—8 



— life-forms, 521, 527-8 



— province, 512 



Benthos, 325, 326, 333, 473, 491. 493. 



529-38 

 — , attached to larger plants, 494, 524 

 — , attachment of, 493, 494, 498, 514, 

 — , Australian, 530, 535 [528 



Benthos, freshwater, 325, 491-500 

 — , gradation in, 492 

 — , marine, 529-38 

 — , proseral, 503 



— of streams and rivers, 499 



— , substratum affecting, 494, 499, 514, 



— , temperature relations of, 499 [528 



— , water currents and, 498-9, 525 



Berberis (Barberry), 248, 349 



Berg, L. S., 378 



Bergamot oil, 275 



Berries, 258 



Beta (Beet), 73, 115, 241, 258 



B. vulgaris (Beet), 231 

 Betelnut Palm, 266 



Betula (Birch), 102, 222, 246, 274, 281, 

 340, 341, 342, 343. 344, 345. 346, 

 359, 372, 373, 375, 39°, 4" 



B. ermanii, 342 



B. glandulosa agg. (Scrub Birch), 390, 



391 



B. nana agg. (Dwarf Birch), 173, 390, 



B. odorata, 348 [392, 411 



B. pubescens s.l., 173 



B. utilis, 295 

 Beverages, 260, 261 

 Bicarbonates, photosynthesis and, 130, 



497. 523 

 Bidens (Beggar-ticks), 112, 113 

 Big Bluegrass, see Poa ampla 



tree, see Sequoiadendron giganteum 



Bignonia, loi 



Bignoniaceae, 102 



Bilberry, see Vaccinium 



Billbergia, 433 



Binding plants, 328, 503, 569 



Bindweed, see Convolvulus 



Biochore, 321 



Biocoenosis, 321, 431 



Biogeographer, 166 



Biogeography, 2, 21 



Biological factors. Algae and, 524 



— spectrum, 94-5 



— system, 9 



— types of Algae, 527, 528 

 Biology, I, 7, 9 

 Biomass, 480, 488, 492 

 Biome, 211, 304 



— , Spruce-Moose, 211 

 Biota, 304, 322, 330 

 Biotic barriers, 126, 161 



— climax, 331 



— community, 15, 304-5 



— conditions, 8, 15-16 



— factors, 182, 283, 304-11, 566-8 



— plagioclimax, 360, 361, 363, 460, 465 



— relics, 201 

 Biotope, 321 



Biotype, 25, 164, 176, 180, 206, 220 

 Bipartite area, 188 

 Bipolar area, 188 



