588 



INDEX 



196 



Bipolar range (distribution), i! 

 Birch, see Betula 



— forest, 343, 344, 390 

 Bird-cliffs, 401 



perch, 402, 403 



seed, 119 



Birds, 3, 16, 163,424, 558 



— , dispersal by, 109, 112-15, 117, 163. 



- — , frugivorous, 114, 115 [420 



— , habitat preferences of, n6, 163 



- — , manuring by, 401, 402, 403 



— , speed in flight, 114 



Birthwort, see Aristolochia 



Bisect, 85, S67 



Black, J. D., 580 



browed Albatross, 114 



— Grama Grass, see Bouteloua eriopuda 



— Oak, see Qiiercus nigra 



■ — Sea, oxygenation of water, 509 

 region, sclerophyllous woodland 



— Spruce, see Piceo mariana [of, 355 



— Walnut, see Jitglans nigra 

 Blackberry, see Rubiis 

 Bladderwort, see Utricularia 

 Bladder Wrack, see Fiiciis vesiculosus 

 Blake, S. F., 214, 378 



Blanket bog, 373 



Blechmim spicant (Hard Fern), 348 



Blindia, 419 



' Blooming ' in Algae, 29, 480, 481, 4S2, 



490, 510, 519, 520 

 Blow-holes, 547 



outs, 315, 547 



Blown sand, 293, 548 



Blue-green Algae, see Cyanophyceae 



— Gum-tree, see Eucalyptus 

 Bluebell, see Endymion (Scil/a) non- 



scriptus 

 Blueberry, see Vaccinium 

 Bluegrass, see Poo and P. pratensis s.l. 

 Bluejoint, see Calamagrostis canadensis 

 Boehrneria (Ramie), 270 [agg- 



B. nivea (China-grass, Ramie), 235 

 Bog (moss), 54, 333, 347, 373, 500-1 



— -bean, see Menyanthes trifoliata 



— Club-moss, see Lycopodium inun- 



datum 



cypress, see Taxodium distichum 



■ — formation, 174, 477 



— moat, 500, 501 



moss, see Sphagnum 



pools, 501 



■ — , surface features of, 501 



water, characteristics of, 501-2 



• — ■ , Diatoms in, 501 



Bogs, 54, 15 1-2, 314, 373, 498, 500-2 

 Boletus, 45 

 Bonpland, A., 21 

 Border-line organisms, i, 2 

 Boreal coniferous forest {see also 

 Northern coniferous forest), 347 



Boreal forest, 343, 376 



— period, 173, 174 



— zone, 186, 481, 520, 532 

 Boring Algae, 494 

 Borneo, 454 



Boron, plant growth and, 79 

 Botanical particle, 99, 106 

 Botany, i, 282 

 Botrychium (Moonwort), 61 

 Bottom deposits in water, Bacteria in, 

 320, 488, 497-8, 539 



— conditions in water, Algae and, 492 

 Bougainvillaea, 88, 89 



Bouteloua, 361 



B. eriopoda (Black Grama Grass), 85 

 Bower, F. O., 281 

 Boyce, J. S., 250, 253 

 Brachythecium antarcticum, 417 

 Bracken, see Pteridiuin and P. aquilinum 



agg. 

 Brackish habitats, 316, 457, 472, 516 



— water, 369, 472, 492, 502, 508, 523 

 Bract, 105 



Bramble, see Rubus 

 Brandy, 261 

 Brassica, 73 



B. campestris (Swede, Turnip), 90, 91, 

 231, 258, 259 



B. oleracea (Cabbage, Kale), 43, 233, 

 234, 258, 259 

 Brassicas, 282 

 Braun, E. L., 341, 379 



Blanquet, J., 15, 92, 94, 96, 311 



Brazil, coffee cultivation in, 243 



— nut, 258 



— , savanna-woodland in, 442 

 — , tropical rain forest of, 423 

 — , — thorn-woodland of, 443 

 Brazilian Bottletree, see Cavanitlesia 



— palm oil, 266 [arborea 

 Brazilwood, 274 



Breadfruit, see Artocarpus altilis 



' Breathing ' roots (see also Pneu- 



matophore), 353, 456 

 Brewing, 3, 263 

 Brine, Algae of, 77, 502, 523 

 Brissenden, E., 21 

 British Columbia, high-alpine meadow 



in, 412 

 , Pacific coast forest in, 348 



— Guiana, mixed tropical rain forest 



in, 425, 426 



— Isles, separation from Europe, 172 

 , flora etc. of, 169, 172 



— West Indies, 426 

 Brittle-fern, see Cystopteris fragilis s.\. 

 Broad Bean, see Vicia faha 



leafed trees, 68, 292, 337, 343, 349 



Willow, see Salix cordifolia s.l. 



Brome-grasses, 217 



Bromeliaceae (Bromeliads), 433, 442, 443 



