590 



INDEX 



Canada, 211, 347, 349, 350, 391, 400, 



— balsam, 273 [412 

 — , former flora of, 151, 16 1-2 



— , National Museum of, xix 

 — , prairie in, 360 

 — , Spruce- Moose biome of, 211 

 — , Wheat belt in, 564 

 — , — Stem-rust, losses from, 251 

 Canadian Arctic Archipelap;o, 162, 384, 

 394, 398, 400, 403, 404, 406, 408 



— Fleabane, see Erigeron aumdoisis 



— Water-weed, see Elodea conadensis 

 Canary Grass, see Pholaris couoriensis 

 Candelilla wax, 266 



Candles, 266 



Cane sugar (see also Socchaiuni offici- 



noriivi), 239, 241 

 Cannabis sativa (Hemp), 115, 234, 235, 

 Cannon, W. A., 471 [267, 270 



Canopy (roof) of forest, 342, 357, 425, 

 Canyons, 544 [431. 44° 



Caper, 262 

 Capsella bitrsa-pastoris (Shepherd's- 



purse), 78, 120, 249 

 Capsicum, 261 



Capsule, 49 52, 53, loi, 103, 104, 105, 

 Caraway, see Cariim carvi [110,125 



Carbon assimilation in dark, 498 



— dioxide, distribution in lake water, 



in seas, 508-10 [476-8 



in soil, 298, 302 



14, 174, 254 



Carboniferous forest, reconstruction of, 

 148 



— period, 129, 133, 135, 138, 145, 146, 



, Bryophyta of, 146 [168 



Cardamine (Cress), 123 



Cardamon, 261 



Cardinal points of physiological func- 

 tion 482, 485 

 Cardiospermum, no 

 Carex (Sedge), in alpine meadows, 410 



— in bog vegetation, 373 



— , dominant in reed-swamp, 505 

 — , dominant in sedge-meadow, 372 

 • — in high-arctic heath, 395 



— in high-arctic marsh, 387 



— in middle-arctic tundra, 387 



— in low-arctic heath, 393 



— in low-arctic tundra, 385, 386 



— in tundra, 383 



— in wet bogs, 501 

 — , xerophilous, 385 



Carex aquatilis agg. (Water Sedge), 



384, 405, 406 

 C. bigelozvii agg. (Rigid Sedge), 383 

 C. Jtardina s.l. (Nard Sedge), 392, 396 

 C rupestris (Rock Sedge), 385 

 C. salina s.l. (Salt-marsh Sedge), 399 

 C. subspathacea (Hoppner Sedge), 401 

 C iirsina (Bear Sedge), 399 



Caribbean region, Pinus in, 345 



, savanna-woodland in, 442 



, tropical rain forest in, 423 



, thorn-woodland in, 443 



, warm-temperate rain forest in, 



351 

 — Sea, seaweeds controlled by sub- 

 stratum, 529-30 

 Caribou, 48 



moss, see Cladonia 



Carica papaya (Papaya), 242, 258 



Carnauba wax, 266 



Carnegiea gigantea (Saguaro, Sahuaro), 



450. 451 

 Carnivorous plants (insectivorous 



plants), 87, 91, 305, 373. 484, 485 

 Carob, 258 

 Carpathians, 158 

 Carpel 67, 68 

 Carpenter, K. E., 506 

 Car pi mis (Hornbeam), 174, 341 

 Carpospore, 39 



Carrageen, see Chondrus crispus 

 Carrot, see Daucus carota 

 Cariim carvi (Caraway), 119, 262 

 Carya (Hickory, see also Hickory-nut 



and Pecan), 174, 341, 342 

 Caryophyllaceae, 417 

 Cascara 264 

 Cashew nut, 258 

 Caspian Sea, a marine relic, 472 

 Cassava, see Manihot escidenta 

 Cassia, 262 

 Cassie oil, 275 

 Cassine, 260 

 Cassiope tetragona (Arctic Bell-heather) 



392, 393, 394. 395. 403, 404 



Castanea (Chestnut, Sweet Chestnut), 

 258, 274, 341.. 342 



— , blighted in United States, 251, 305, 



Castilla rubber, 272 [576 



Castor oil, 266 



Casiiarina, 358 



C. equisetifolia (Ironwood), 460 



Catarrh, treatment of, 264 



Catbriar, see Sniilax 



Catch-fly, see Lychnis 



Caterpillars, 305, 306 



Catharinea, 53 



Cattail, see Typha 



Cauassu wax, 266 



Caucasus, 338, 343 



Cauliflory, 425, 438 



Carani/lesia arbnrea (Brazilian Bottle- 

 tree), 442 



Ca\erns (ca\'es), vegetation of, 546, 550 



Caytoniales, 138, 144, 145 



Ceara rubber, 272 



Cedarwood oil, 275, 276 



Cedrela odorata (s.l. (Spanish-cedar), 

 247 



