594 INDEX 



Conifers, fire and, 310 



— , fossil, 141, 143, 145, 148-51, 173 



— , importance of, 65-6, 246 



— , introduced, 243, 246 



— , New Zealand, 353 



— , winged seeds of, 102 



Conservation of vegetation, 309, 569, 573 



Conservationist, 555, 567-71, 573, 579 



Consociation, 334, 377, 383, 426, 467 



Consocies, 334 



Constance, L., 379 



Constipation, prevention of, 265 



Constructional landforms 541-3, 561 



Consumer animals, 257, 480 



Contejean, C, 22 



Continental climate, 10-12, 158, 174 



— drift, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 207 

 ■ — elements, 211 



— extreme (of climate), 12 



— island, 206 



— shelf, 511 



Continuous intercontinental range (dis- 

 tribution), 183-7 



Convergent evolution, 202 

 Convolvulus (Bindweed), 248, 249 

 Cook, W. R. I., 73 



Cool-temperate marine vegetation. 

 Cooling of climate, 155 [531-5 



Cooper, W. S., 412 

 Copaiba, 273 

 Copal, 273 



Coprinus comatus (Shaggy-mane Mush- 

 room), 100 

 Coprosma repens, 420 

 Coral, 2 



— islands, 109 



— reefs, 508, 529, 555 

 Corallinaceae, 538 

 Corallopsisy 40 



Corchorus (Jute), 234, 235, 270, 282 

 Cordaitales, 141, 142, 145, 146, 148, 149 

 Cordaiteae, 145 

 Cordoites, 142 

 Coriander, 262 

 Cork, 279 



— Oak, see Quercus siiber 

 Corn oil, 265 

 Cornus (Dogwood), 346 



C. sanguinea (Dogwood), 342 

 Corsica, 356 

 Coryhis (Hazel, see also Hazel-nut), 173, 



C. avellana (Hazel), 340 [541 



Cosmetic manufacture, 265, 266 

 Cosmopolitan range (distribution), 184 

 Cosmopolite, 184 

 Cosmos, 113 

 Cotton, see Gossypium 



— -grass, see Eriophorum 

 Cottonseed oil, 235, 265 

 Cottonwood, see Populus 

 Cotulo plumosa, 420 



Cotyledon, 73 



Couch-grass, see Agropyron and A. 

 Cowan, R. S., xviii [repens 



Cowpea, 258, 259 

 Crab Apple, see Pyrus iiuilus 

 Crab-grass, see Digitaria 

 Crafts, A. S., 253 

 Crampon, 528 

 Cranberry, see Oxycoccus 

 Crane, M. B., 579 

 Cranes (Birds), 1 14 

 Crataegus motiogyna (Hawthorn), 340 

 Creeping Alkali-grass, see Puccinellia 

 phryganodes agg. 



— chamaephyte, 94 



Creosote-bush, see Larrea and L. tri- 

 Cress, see Cardamine [dentata 



Cretaceous flora, 149-50 



— period, 129, 132, 145, 149 

 Crevice plants, 407 



Crevices, extension of plants from, 327, 

 Critical factor, 75-81, 294 [371-2 



Croizat, L., 21 



Cronartium rihicola (White Pine Blister- 

 rust), 80, 248, 252, 306 



Crop plants, original sources of, 223- 

 239, 253-4 



Crops, 6, 73, 215, 374, 454, 556, 557, 564 



— , habitat requirements of, 219-22 



— , world yield of, 229 



Cross-fertilization, 118 



Crotalaria juncea (Sunn-hemp), 235 



Croton oil, 263 



Crowberry, see Empetrum and E. 

 nigrum s.l. 



Crozet Island, 420 



Cruciferae, 412, 417 



Crumb structure of soil, 298 



Crustacea, 117, 486 



Crustaceous (crustose) Lichen, 47 48. 

 326, 327, 407, 410, 414, 416, 419 



Crustose Algae, 535, 538 



Cryophytes, 490, 491, 520 



— , Bacillariophyceae as, 491 



— , bacterial parasites on, 491 



— , Chlorophyceae as, 491 



— , Cyanophyceae as, 491 



— , fungal parasites on, 491 



— , wind dispersal and, 490 



Cryophytic communities, 489-91, 520 



Cryoplankton, 316, 479 



Cryovegetation, 489, 491 



Cryptogams, swarded {see also Sward- 

 forming Lichens), 351, 401, 408 



Cuba, 442 



Cucumber, see Cucumis sativa 



Cucumis melo (Melon), 235, 239, 258 

 C sativa (Cucumber), 73, 234, 258 



Cucurbits (Cucumbers, Melons, 

 Squashes, Pumpkins, Water 

 Melons, etc.), 282 



