INDEX 



595 



Cultivated plants weak in competition, 

 216-18, 564 



- — relic, 201 



Cultivation, 222, 282, 556-7, 570, 577 



— , eft'ects of, 216-19, 465 



— , principles of, 310-11 



Culture medium for Fungi and Bac- 

 teria, 265 



Cultures of freshwater Algae, 259 



Curare, 264 



Curing, 3, 278 



Currant, see Ribes 



Current action, 498 



Currents, 106, 474, 498-9, 508, 514, 525 



— , erosion by, 543, 550 



Cuscuta (Dodder) 88, 89, 249 

 C. epilimtm (Dodder), 219 



Cushion plants, 274, 327, 374, 413, 414, 



417, 419, 450. 470 

 Custard-apple, 258 

 Cutch, 274 



Cyanophyceae (Blue-green Algae, 

 Schizophyceae), 28, 29, 130, 145, 

 146, 476, 477, 488, 491, 495 

 — , acid bog-water and, 501 

 — as algal element of Lichens, 47 



aquatic, 319, 486, 487, 500 



benthic in torrents, 498 



brine and, 502 



Cambrian. 132, 146 



cr>'ophytic, 490, 491 



desert forms of, 365, 368 



Diatoms shielded by, 29 



distribution in depth, 487, 488 



eutrophic water forms of, 477 



fossil, 130, 131, 132, 146 

 in freshwater plankton, 480 



gas-vacuoles in, 483, 487 



general account of, 28-9 



heat resistant, 499 



marine, mud-binding, 533 



— , planktonic 516, 517 

 — , in supralittoral zone, 530 



— , and tolerance of exposure, 526, 



530 



mud-medallions formed by, 368 



phytoplanktonic, 480 



as pioneers, 326, 464 



pre-Cambrian, 130 



red, 488, 517 



salinity and, 502 



stones inhabited by, 496 



surf-belt forms of, 495 



tolerance of severe conditions, 499, 

 501. 502 



warm-water forms of, 476 



water-blooms of, 29, 482 

 Cyathea (Tree-fern), 60, 61 

 Cycadales, 145 

 Cycadeoid, 140, 141 

 Cycadeoidales, 139, 145 



Cycadeoidea, 140, 141 



Cycadofilicales, 138 



Cycadophyta (Cycadophytes), 139, 145, 



148, 149, 150 

 Cycads, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 139, 151, 152 

 — , era of, 139 

 Cycas rumphii, 64, 67 

 Cyclic changes in vegetation, 330 



— quantitative variation, 526 



— stratification in lake water, 477-8 

 Cyclops, 479 



Cylindrocystis brebissonii, 490 



Cymbidium, fruit and seed of, 104, 105 



Cymodocea 529 



Cynoglossum amabile (Chinese Forget- 

 me-not), 113 



Cyperaceae (Sedge family, Sedges, see 

 also Carex), 333, 410, 430, 443, 464 



— , algal epiphytes on, 500 



— , bipolar distribution of, 196 



— , desert forms of, 366 



— , dominance of, 333, 385, 406, 443 



— , fibre from, 270 



— as pioneers, 405, 406, 407, 464 



— in tropical rain forest, 430 



— in tropical swamp-forest, 462 



— in woodland, 342 

 Cyperus distochyos, 370 



C. papyrus (Papyrus), 269, 461, 505 

 Cypress, 246 



Cystopteris fragilis s.l. (Brittle-fern), 

 Cystoseira, 530 [420 



Cystosphaera, 538 



' D ' stratum in tropical rain forest, 430 



DDT, 276 



Dactylis glomerata (Orchard-grass), 259 



Dahurian Larch, see Larix dohiirica 



Daisy family, see Compositae 



Dakota Cretaceous flora, 149 



Dalyia racemata, 131 



Damars, 273 



Damask Rose, see Rosa daniascena 



Damp scrub, 372, 373 



Dandelion, see Taraxacum 



— rubber, 272 



Danthonia (Poverty-grass, Wild Oat- 

 grass), 186, 187 



Daphnia, 479, 480 



Darlington, P. J., 17 



Darrah, W. C, 181 



Dar\vin, C, 16, 109, 112, 114, 115, ii7. 



Dasheen, 258 [127, 563 



Date Palm, see Phoenix dactylifera 



Datura stramonium (Stramonium, 

 Thorn-apple), 264 267 



Daubenmire, R. F., 312 



Daubeny, C, 20 



Daucus carota (Carrot), 231, 249, 258 



Day-length and effect on plants, 79 



Dead end, in evolution, 31 



