INDEX 



60 1 



Factor, critical, 294 



— , dynamic, 525 



— , ecological, 8, 283-312 



— , edaphic, 182, 283, 296-304 



— , environmental, 8, 283-312, 321 



— , physiographic, 283, 293-6 



Factors, compensation between, 320 



— determining distribution, 154, 155- 



81 

 — , interaction between, 283, 293-4 



— of habitat, 182, 283-312 

 Facultative halophytes, 368, 369, 370 

 Fagetum, 334, 342 



Fogopyriim (Buckwheat), 239, 257 

 Fagiis (Beech), 68, 173, 174, 306, 308, 



313, 334. 341, 342, 343, 553 



F. crenata, 342 



F. grandifolia (American Beech), 341 



F. sylvotica (Beech, European 

 Beech), 208, 246, 342, 554 



, Rabbits and regeneration, 306 



Fairy ring, 80 

 Falkland Islands, 421 

 Fallowing, 311 



Family, 24 (systematic), 324, 334 (eco- 

 Fatty oils, 205-6 [logical) 



Favourable situations, vegetation of, 1 1 

 Feather-grass, see Stipa 

 Feature, climatic, 8, 10-12, 173-4 

 — , erosional, 543, 544, 546, 5^7, 550 

 Fell-field, 213, 246, 333, 383, 395, 396, 

 397, 398, 399. 404. 410, 412, 470 



, arctic, 395-9 



Feltleaf Willow, see Salix alaxensis agg. 



Fen, 314, 326, 333, 373 



Fenland, 273 



Fennel, 262 



Fermented beverages 260, 261, 278 



Fern-allies, 138 



Fernald, M. L., xviii, 186, 190, 192 



Ferns, see Filicineae 



— , epiphytic, 434, 442, 468 



Fertility of desert soil, 452 



Fertilization, 15, 49, 52, 56, 63, 68, 70, 



Fescue, see Festuca [71 



Festuca (Fescue), 364, 365 



F. erecta, 420, 421 



F. kergiielensis, 419 



F. rubra s.l. (Red Fescue), 369 

 Fibre plants, 234-5, 270-1 

 Fibres, 3, 235, 270-1 

 Fibrous husk, no 



Ficaria verna (Lesser Celandine), 340 

 Ficus (Strangling Fig), 435, 436 



F. carica (Fig), 242, 258 

 Field experience, importance of, 553, 



573 

 • — Horsetail, see Equiseliim arvense agg. 

 Field layer, see Ground layer 



— Maple, see Acer campestre 

 Fig, see Ficus carica 



Fiji Islands, 423 



Filaments, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 43, 45, 



131, 494, 495 

 Filicales, 138, 145 

 Filicineae (Ferns), 59, 60, 61, 62, 138, 



14s, 146, 342, 34^, 354, 420, 430, 



442, 462, 464 

 — , arctic, 62 



— , epiphytic, 352, 433, 434, 442, 468 

 — , fossil, 138, 145, 146, 149 

 — , general account of, 59-62 

 — , habitats of, 62, 434, 468, 544, 546, 



550 

 — , spores of, 59, 100, 125, 434 

 Filmy-fern, see Hymenophyllum 

 Finger-lakes, 545 

 Finmark, 344 

 Fir, see Abies 

 Fire, beneficial effects of, 310 



— climax, 441 



— , competition after, 310 



— , Conifers and, 310 



— , deflected succession and, 465 



— , ecological effect of, 305, 309, 310, 



350, 352, 359, 441, 444 

 — , grassland and, 359, 363, 444, 447 

 — , importance as ecological factor, 309- 

 — , persistent grassland and, 444 [310 

 — , selective action of, 310 

 — , stimulation following, 310 

 Fireweed, see Epilobium and E. angusti- 



foliuni agg. 

 Fish-culture, 3, 477, 577, 578 

 — , dispersal by, 116 

 Fisher, W. R., 20 

 Fishes, age of, 145, 146 

 Fishing Eagle, 117 

 Fitzroya, 171 

 Five-needled Pines, 252 

 Fixed oils, 265 

 Flagella {sing, flagellum), 26, 29, 32, 35, 



125. 479 

 Flagellates, 77, 125, 480-1, 488, 489, 

 Flat-fig, see Dorstettia [517 



Flatmoor peat, 501 

 Flats, salt-marsh, 368, 369 

 Flavouring materials, 260, 261, 262, 264 

 Flax, see Linum usitatissimum 



seed, world production of, 236 



Fleabane, see Erigeron 

 Fleming, R. H., 312, 540 

 Flint, R. F., 159, 173, 181 

 Flixweed, see Sisymbrium sophia 

 Floating-leaf community, 372, 493, 504 



stage of hydrosere, 319, 325, 



326, 353. 372. 504-5 



— sea-ice, Algae on, 109, 491 

 — • seeds, 107-11 

 Food-plain deposits, 544 



— , transport by, 107, 108 

 Flora, 3, 572 



