INDEX 



603 



Freshwater (fresh water) aquatic com- 

 munities, 472-506 



— aquatic environment, 472-9 



— Bacteria, chemosynthesis by, 496, 



, planktonic, 480 [497-8 



— , calcium carbonate (' Hme ') in, 478 



— , precipitated in, by plants, 497 



— , circulation of substances in, 497-8 

 — , eulittoral zone in, 492, 493, 494-5 



— habitats, 316-20 



— , oxygenation of, 477, 488 



— plankton, 318, 320, 479, 480, 481-9 



— productivity, 476-8 

 ■ — , surf-belt in, 495 

 Frey, D. G., 506 



Frigid Phippsia, see Phippsio al<fida agg. 



Fringed Sandwort, see Arenaria cilota 



Fringing forest, 439 [s.l. 



Fritsch, F. E., 74, 540 



Frogbit, see Hydrocharis morsits-ranae 



Frond, 59, 528, 532, 534 



Frost, II, 381, 405 



— action in Arctic, 323, 381, 384, 396 

 - — , disintegration by, 296 



heaving, 177, 296, 315, 395 



— , killing by, 77, 322, 522 



— , maturation of soil and, 390 



Frugivorous birds, 114, 115 



Fruit, 68, 69, 98, loi, 102, 104, 105, 



no, 112, 113, 122, 123 

 ■ bat, 1 15 



— development, cultivation and. 217-8 

 — , dispersal of, 69, 10 1, 104, 105, no, 



113 



— , edible, 235, 239, 242, 258-9 

 — , explosive, 121, 122, 123, 124-5 



— setting, temperature and, 78 

 Fruiting body (fungal), 43, 44, 45 

 Fruits, crop, 235, 239, 258-9, 564 

 — , as source of drugs, 263 



— , winged, loi, 102, 104, 105 



Fruticose Lichen, 47, 48, 416 



Fry, F. E. J., 506 



Fucaceae, adhesi\'e disks of, 528 



Funis (Rockweed, Wrack), 36, 37, 521, 



526, 530, 532, 533, 534-6 

 F cerarwides, 523 

 F. serratus, 532 

 F. spiralis, 532 

 F. z-esicii/osiis (Bladder Wrack), 35, 



524, 525, 528, 532, 536 

 Fuels, 271-2 



Fully naturalized aliens, 220 

 Fungi (Mushrooms, Toadstools, 



Moulds, Rusts, Smuts, Yeasts), i, 



43, 44, 45, 46, 129, 130, 145, 146. 



418, 437, 481, 491 

 Fungi, aquatic, 117, 496 

 — , dispersal of, 99, loi 

 — , economic significance of 46, 251, 



265, 279 



F"ungi, edible, 259 



— , fossil, 146 



— , general account of, 43-6 



— , industrial uses of, 265, 278 



— , low temperature and, 77 



— , marine, 527 



— , parasitic, 80, 250-1, 305, 491, 496 



— as plant pathogens, 80, 250, 251, 265, 



280, 305 



— pre-Cambrian, 129 

 — , saproplanktonic, 480 



— , scavenging, 132, 278, 280, 303 

 — , soil forms of, 303, 305, 333 

 — , spore dispersal of, 117, 491 

 — , spore-ejection of, 121 

 — , spore germination of, 117 

 — , spore-output of, 100, 125 

 Fur, dispersal on, 116 

 Fustic, 274 



Gagea, 366 



Galeobdolon luteum (Yellow Archangel), 



340 

 Galinsoga parviflora (Gallant Soldier), 

 Galium antarcticum, 419 [249 



Gallant Soldier, see Galinsoga parviflora 

 Galls, 274 

 Gambier, 274 

 Gamboge, 274 

 Gametangia, 45 



Gamete, 32, 33, 37, 42, 45, 49, 63, 68, 69 

 Gametophyte, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 59, 62, 



63, 69 

 Garcinia man^ostana (Mangosteen), 242, 



258 ^ 

 Garden Bean, see Phaseolus vulgaris 



— Valerian, 264 



Gardens, importance of, 277, 278 

 Garigue, 355, 356, 375 

 Gas bladders in Algae, hydraulic pres- 

 sure and, 522 



vacuoles, in Cyanophyceae, 483, 487 



Gaseous exchange, 76, 302, 509-10 



Gaultheria (Spicy-wintergreen), 349 



Gauinann, E. A., 74 



Gaussen, H., 23 



Gazelle, 454 



Geiger, R., 335 



Gelatinous matrix, 28, 29 



— stalks on Diatoms and Vorticella, 494 

 Geminate species, Jordan's Law of, 202 

 Gemma (^/. gemmae), 51, 53, 57 

 Gene, 117, 118, 176 



flow, 177 



General accounts of plant groups, 24-74 



— habitat, 313, 321 

 Generic name, 25 

 Genetic element, 2 1 1 



Genetical changes, cultivation and, 216- 



— heritage, 175-8 [218 



— recombination, 177 



