6l2 



INDEX 



Magnoliaceae, 157, 352 



Mahogany, see Szvietenio, S. macrophylla, 



and S. mahagoni 

 Maidenhair Fern, 262 



tree, see Gifikgo biloba 



Main cHmaxes, 329-34 



— habitats, 313-20 



— sere, autogenic, 331 



— successions 322-8 

 Maine, 319, 326, 328, 371, 549 

 Maize, see Zea mays 



— , world production of, 230 



Major regions of distribution, 212 



Malaria, treatment of, 264 



Malay Peninsula, 239 



Malaya, 232, 253, 423, 454 



Malaysia, 171 



Mallee scrub, 358 



Mah, 260 



Malva, 249, 453 



Mamey, 258 



Mammals, 3, 16, 109, 129, 145, 178, 



307, 308, 447, 454, 558, 570 

 — , dispersal by, 109, 115, 116, 123 

 — , grazing (browsing), effect of, 305-8, 



309, 447, 569. 570 



■ — , response to climate, 16 

 Mammillaria (Pincushion Cactus), 450 

 Man, 3, 15, 20, 46, 54, 81, 126, 145, 184, 



250, 374, 424, 439, 444, 542, 552, 



563 



— as biotic factor, 15, 305, 307-1 1, 566 



— as biotic superdominant, 311, 566 

 — , dependence on plants of, 3, 20, 223, 



255-82 

 — , desert spread by, 213, 307, 449 

 — , distribution in world, 256 

 — , eflfects of cultivation by, 215-52 

 — , forest destroyed by, 213, 246, 254, 



307 

 - — , manipulation of vegetation by, 566- 



571 

 — , plant dispersal by, 11 8-21, 187, 215, 



220-3, 255-7 

 — , vegetation etc. changed by, 215, 309, 



315, 337, 359, 439, 4^5, 5^3, 5^4 

 — , weeds favoured by. 218-19, 248, 249, 



250 

 Mangel-wurzel, 259 

 Mangeldorf, P. C, 226 

 Mangifera indica (Mango), 242, 258, 282 

 Mango, see Mangifera indica 

 Mangosteen, see Garcinia mangostana 

 Mangrove, see Avicennia, Rhizophora, 



and R. candelaria 



— belt, epiphytes of, 457 

 — , climax forest, 454, 456 



swamp forest, 454, 455, 456—8 



— , tanning material from, 274 

 Mangroves, 333, 454, 455, 456-8, 529, 

 550 



Mangroves, Algae in, 457, 529 



— , geographical distribution of, 457 



— , root system of, 455, 456 



— , serai development of, 456, 458 



Manihot escidenta (Cassava), 231, 269 



Manila-hemp, see Miisa 



Manipulation of vegetation by Man, 



566-71 

 Manure as fuel, 271 

 Manuring, Algae and, 38, 478, 519, 524 

 ■ — , vegetation and local, 401, 402, 403, 

 Maple, see Acer [421 



— forests, mixed, 341 

 Maps, 4, 22, 572-3 

 Maquis, 355, 356, 375 

 Marantaceae, 430 

 Marattiales, 138, 145 

 Marchantia, 50 



Mare's-tail, see Hippuris vulgaris s.l. 



Margarine, 266 



Marginal habitats, 314, 434, 439, 466 



— hydroseres, 326, 502-6 



— marine vegetation, ice action on, 531, 



536, 537-8 

 Marijuana, 267 



Marine Algae, conditions of environ- 

 ment of, 507-27 

 , dispersal of, 1 06-7, 109, 510, 513— 



14 

 , distribution in depth of, 39, 512- 



, desiccation and, 526 



, edible, 38, 259 



— • — , effect on pH of water, 510, 523 



, migration levels of, 523, 524 



, periodicity of, 528, 531-2, 537 



, temperature relations of, 510— 11 



, tolerance of exposure, 525-6, 



530-6 



, tropical, 458, 529-30 



, zonation of, 526-7, 529-38 



— Angiosperms, 527-30, 531, 532, 535 



— Bacteria, 517, 518, 521, 538, 539 



— benthos, 521-38 



— Chlorophyceae, 508, 512, 523, 528- 



35 



— Diatoms, 491, 513, 515, 516, 517-20 



— environment, features of, 507-15 



— Fungi, 527 



— humus, 539 



— plankton, 480, 509, 510, 513, 515, 



516, 517-21 



— Schizophytes, 515, 527 



— vegetation, 529-38 



, chemical factors and, 522-4 



, coastal girdles of, 526-7, 530-2, 



533, 534, 535-8 



, photosynthesis and, 511-12, 513 



, physical factors affecting, 522 



, substratum and, 514, 522, 528 



, sur\ival of, 514, 536-8 



