628 



INDEX 



Sediment, 492, 497, 514, 529, 539-40 

 — , weight of annual production of, 497 

 Sedimentary ooze, 492, 496, 497, 503 



— rocks, 129 

 Sedimentation, 497, 501 



Seed, 12, 62, 63, 68, 69, 78, 98, 104, 105, 



110, 113, 122, 123, 139, 140, 141, 



coat, 62, loi, no [563 



— dispersal {see also Dispersal), 69, 208, 



122, 123, 452 



— dormancy, 452 



— ejection from fruit, 12 1-5 



• ferns, see Pteridospermae 



— germination, 69, 76, 452 

 , delayed, 248 



• , digestion and, 114, 115, 1 17 



— output, 125 



plants, see Spermatophyta 



— , size affected by cultivation, 217 

 Seedless fruits, cultivated and, 218 

 Seedlings, competition between, 103 

 • — , death rate of, 125, 305 



— numerous after rain in desert, 368, 



451-2. 453 

 Seeds and fruits, as source of drugs, 263 



, form-resistance of, 99, 104, 



, longevity of, 248 [105 



— killed by sea-water, 1 1 1 

 Selaginella (Spike-moss), 56, 58, 430 

 Selection, see Artificial selection. 



Natural selection 

 Selective action of fire, 310 

 Semi-cosmopolite, 184, 249 



desert bush-land, 448 



, plant dominants of, 364-6, 



447-8 



, precipitation on, 364, 447-8 



scrub, 333, 364-5, 447, 448, 454 



, geographical locations of, 



364-5, 447, 4.48 



deserts, 213, 246, 364-6, 447-8 



, geographical locations of, 364-5, 



382, 447-8 



parasites (hemiparasites), 437, 438 



Semi-dn,'ing oils, 235, 265 



Senecio sqiialidiis (Oxford Ragwort), 119 



Senega, 264 



Senescence, 200 



Sensitiveness of aquatic organisms to 



change in environment, 474, 509 

 Sepal, 68 

 Separation of Europe and N. America, 



166 

 Sequoia (Redwood), 157, 158, 199, 205, 



209 

 S. sempervirens (Coastal Redwood), 



63, 67, 158, 348, 379 

 Seqtioiadendron (Redwood), 157, 158, 



199, 205, 209 

 S. giganteum (Big-tree, Giant or 



Sierra Redwood), 158, 348 



Serai communities of temperate lands, 

 344, 350, 370-5 



— (developmental) counterpart, 333-4 



— development of mangroves, 456, 458 



— types in Arctic, 405-9 

 Sereclimax, 331 



Sere {see also Succession), 323-8, 503 



— , arrest of, 330 



— , burning and, 330, 331 



— , components of, 323-4 



— , grazing and, 330, 331 



• — , primary, 324 



— , secondary, 324, 464, 465 



Series of books on crops, 282 



Serule, 370 



Sesame, 235 



Sessile Oak, see Quercus petraea 



Sewage, 523 



Seward, A. C, 153 



Sexuality, 27, 32, 37-8, 39, 45, 49-64, 



68-9 

 Shade Algae, 530 

 epiphyte, 434 



— leaf, 89, 217 



— tolerance, 428, 430, 434, 530, 546 

 Shaggy-mane Mushroom, see Coprimis 



comatus 

 Sheep and caterpillars in Greenland, 

 306 



— rocks, 546 



— Sorrel, see Rwnex acetosella agg. 

 Sheet erosion, 309 



Shelf-ice, 538 



Shells, Algae inhabiting, 494 



Shellac, 273 



Shelter, distribution and, 293, 317-18, 



Sheltering materials, 267-8 [322 



Shepherd's-purse, see Capsella bursa- 



pastoris 

 Shield-fern, see Dryopteris 

 Shifting cultivation, 307, 465 



— of poles, 167, 170 

 Shingle-beach succession, 371-2 



vegetation, 371-2, 400, 458 



— , soil accumulation in, 371, 372 

 Ships of wood, 267 



Shithatha Oasis, 367, 368, 370 

 Shore Algae, 400, 522-32, 533, 534-8 

 — , physical characters and plant growth 

 on, 475, 514, 522, 525, 530-6 



— vegetation, ice action on, 475, 531, 



536, 537-8 



water plankton, 488 



Shorea robusta (Sal-tree), 467 

 Short-day plants, 284 



— Grasses, 316, 361, 362 



— growing-season in Arctic, 78, 381 

 Shrubs, II, 93, 102, 354-66, 391, 447 



549 



Siberia, 171, 343, 348, 537 

 — , wheat belt in, 564 



