630 INDEX 



Soil, water relations and, 291, 301, 560 

 — , zonation in, 297, 299 

 Solanaceae, 80 

 Solamiw melonoena (Egg-plant), 258 



S. tuberosum (Irish Potato, Potato, 

 White Potato), 80, 87, 229, 

 257, 269, 576 



, hardiness of, 231 



, viruses of, 117 



, world production of, 229, 232 



Solifluction, 381, 385, 387, 395 

 Solms-Laubach, H. zu, 22 

 Soluble humic matter, 497 

 Sonchus (Sow-thistle), 249 

 Sorbus aria s.l. (White-beam), 342 



S. aucuparia (Mountain-ash), 340 

 Soredium {pi. soredia), 47. 103 

 Sorensen, T., xviii, 392 

 Sorghum, 229, 257, 269, 282, 

 South Africa, 15, 235, 351 



, desert of, 450 



, fossil flora of, 149 



, grasslands of, 360, 363 



, marine Algae of, 530, 531 



, Permian glaciation in, 156 



, sclerophyllous woodland of, 354, 



355 



, semi-desert in, 365 



, tree- veld of, 441 



, weedy Opuntia in, 248 



— America, 114, 156, 166, 194, 196, 



229, 231, 239, 260, 263, 264, 



342, 351, 414. 421. 430 



, bad-lands of southern, 366 



, cold desert in, 414 



• , crops originating in, 226, 229, 



231, 234, 235, 239, 254 



, desert in, 365, 449 



, forest area of, 246, 247 



, glaciation in, 160 



, grasslands in, 360, 444 



, high-altitude vegetation of, 413, 



414 



, marine Algae of, 534-5 



■ , migration into, 171 



, Permian flora of, 148 



, savanna in, 444 



, semi-desert in, 365 



, subtropical forest in, 424 



, supposed land-bridges to, 170, 



, thorn-woodland in, 443 [171 



, tropical forest of, 423, 426, 436, 



• — Asia, mangroves in, 457 [439 



east Asia, economic botany and, 



233, 239, 242, 262, 264, 272 



— , rain forest in, 351, 463 



, Triassic flora of, 149 



— -west Asia, crops originating in, 234 



— Atlantic discontinuous range (dis- 



tribution), 194, 196 

 facing slopes, 294, 295, 375, 376 



South Georgia, 417, 421 



— Ontario, 130 



— Pacific discontinuous range (dis- 



tribution), 194 



Ocean, 170 



• — Pole, 154, 166, 170, 184, 419 

 Southampton Island, 384, 406 

 Southern Beech, see Nothofagus and N. 



antarctica 

 forest, 342 



— hemisphere, glaciation in, 156 



— mountains, Arctic plants on, 164 

 Sow-thistle, see Sonchus 

 Soybean, see Glycine max 



— oil, 265 



Spanish-cedar, see Cedrela odorata s.l. 



moss, see Til lands ia and T. usneoides 



Sparganium (Bur-reed), 504 

 Sparhawk, W. N., 243, 253, 281 

 Spartina, 270 

 Spearmint, 262 

 Special creation, 207 

 Species, 14, 25, 72, 202 

 — , break-up of, 204 

 — , collective, 222 



— numbers, affected by progress to 



climax, 464 

 Specific epithet (name), 25 [573 



Specimens, importance of checking, 571- 

 Spectrum, biological (life-(from), 94, 95 

 Speed of flight of birds, 1 14 

 Spermatophyta (Seed-plants), 24, 62- 



73. 138-44 

 Spermatozoid, 49, 52, 57, 59, 63, 141 

 Sphaerella, see Chlamydomonas nivalis 

 Sphagnetum, 501 

 Sphagnum (Bog-moss, Peat-moss), 51, 



52, 53, 54, 268, 318, 330, 359, 373, 



406, 500, 501 

 Sphenophyll, 136 

 Sphenophyllales, 135, 145 

 Sphenophyllum, 148 



S. emarginatum, 136 

 Sphenopsida, 135, 145, 146 

 Sphenopteris temiis, 139 

 Spices, 261, 262, 282 

 Spicy-wintergreen, see Gaultheria 

 Spike-moss, see Selaginella 



mosses, see Lycopodineae 



Spinach, 258 



Spindle-tree, see Euonymus europaeus 



Spines on plants, 83, 85, 88, 89, 447, 451 



Spinifex littoreus, 458 



Spiranthes romanzoffiana (Drooping 



Ladies'-tresses, Hooded Ladies'- 



tresses), 190, 192 

 Spirits, 261 

 Spitsbergen, 181, 284, 285, 382, 387, 



388, 389, 396, 397, 402, 407, 408 

 — , flower-slope in, 408, 409 

 — , Jurassic flora of, 149 



