632 INDEX 



Streams, lentic stretches in, 352, 498 

 • — , plankton of, 479, 488, 489 

 Streptomycin, 265 

 Stripping of coastal vegetation by ice, 



536, 537. 538 

 Strobilus (/)/. strobili), 56, 140, 141, 142 

 Strophanthus, 263 



Structural ' adaptations ', 81-91, 432, 

 — changes in cultivation, 216-17 [433 

 ■ — materials, 267-8 

 Struggle for existence, 126-7, 216, 562 

 Strut-roots, 455, 456, 458, 459 

 Strychnine, 263 



Stunting of Algae, 508, 523, 526 

 Sturdiness lost in cultivation, 217 

 Suaeda mayitima (Sea-blite), 369 

 Sub-Atiantic period, 174 



Boreal period, 173 



fossil plants, 174 



Subaerial transmigration, 133 

 Subalpine Fir, see Abies lasiocarpa 



— forest, 350. 376, 469 



— zone, 377, 469 

 Subantarctic. 415, 417, 419-22 

 Subarctic forest, 343 



— period, 173 



— zone, 212 



Subclasses of Angiosperms, 73 

 Subclimax, 330, 331, 335, 350, 363, 390, 

 • — meadows, 363-4 [566 



Subdominant, 334, 355, 385 

 Sublittoral belt (zone), marine, 511, 512, 



513. 529, 530. 531. 533. 534. 535-8 



— zone, freshwater, 492, 493, 495 

 Submerged aquatic plants, 326, 493, 503 



— benthic stage of hydrosere, 325, 326, 



— stones, Cyanophyceae on, 496 [503 

 Submersion, tidal, 526, 527 

 Subphylum {pi. subphyle), 25, 46 

 Subsere, 324, 363, 465 

 Subsoil, 297, 298, 381 

 — , permanently frozen, rooting, and. 

 Subspecies, 25, 201, 202, 203 [346 

 Substances inhibiting growth, 13 

 Substratum, aquatic plants and, 475, 



494. 499, 503. 529 



— , unstable, colonized by tropical sea- 

 weeds, 529 



— , physical characters of, 475, 514, 522 



Subtropical deserts, 449-52, 454 



— rain forest, 424, 432, 438 



— salt-marsh, 458, 459 

 Subtropics, 212, 443, 458-60, 485 

 Succession (sere), 6, 8i, 313, 322-33, 



333, 370, 390, 503, 562, 565, 567, 

 569. 570 

 — , deflected, 330, 465 



— from lakes, 325, 326, 372, 476, 477 

 — , mangrove, 456, 458 

 — , post-glacial climatic, 173-4 



— on sand-dunes, 328, 371, 548 



Succession (sere), telescoping of, 327, 

 Successions, main, 322-8 [328 



— , secondary, 324, 465, 466 

 Succulent plants, 82, 83, 336, 355, 357, 



365, 442-3, 447, 451. 544 



, bushy, 450 



, Cactaceae as, 82, 83, 85, 360, 



362, 365, 366, 434, 443, 447, 



450, 451, 577 



, desert, 83, 85, 450, 451, 452 



, Euphorbias as, 83, 85, 355, 443, 



Sucker, 69 [447, 451 



Suckering, 98 

 Sudan, 443 444 



grass, 259 



Sudd, 463 

 Sugar, I, 269 



— Beet, 239, 269 



— Cane, see Sacchariim ojficinartim 



— Maple, see Acer sacchariim 



Beech forest, 308 



— , world production of, 241, 269 



Sulphur Bacteria, 27 



Sumac, 274 



Summer aspect of vegetation, 339, 340, 



341, 349, 351, 499. 532 



— (deciduous) forest {see also Deci- 

 duous summer forest), 332, 337, 



338, 339, 340-3 

 forms of seaweeds, 531-2 



— maxima of Algae, 476, 481-2, 516, 

 520 



— (season), characters of, 11 -12 



— Snowflake, see Leucojum aestiviim 

 Sun-epiphvte, 434 



— leaf, 89" 

 Sundew, see Drosera 

 Sunflower (and oil), 265 

 Sunn-hemp, see Crotalaria jiincea 

 Supralittoral belt (zone), 513, 526, 527, 



530, 532, 535 

 Surf, 474, 525, 527, 528, 534 



belt, 495, 498 



girdle, 525-7, 535 



— , resistance to, 525, 534-5 

 Surface-binding plants, 51, 277, 533 



— deposits of calcium carbonate, 547 

 film of water, 483 



— plankton, 483, 511 



— reduction, water-conservation and, 

 14, 82, 452 



— temperature of sea, 510 



— tension, suspension by, 483 

 Survival, 75-80 120, 450-2, 499 

 — , annual habit and, 78 

 — , cold and, 77, 78, 99, 100 

 — , drought and, 78, 452 

 — , marine vegetation and, 514, 526 

 - — of the fittest, 563 

 Suspension in water. Algae and, 486, 



— to surface film, 483 [517-18 



