INDEX 



637 



Vegetation, local conditions and, 17, 



543-51, 554-5 

 — , — variation in, 10 

 — , localized manuring and, 401, 402, 



403. 421 

 — , main t\'pes of, 332-3 

 — , Man's influence on, 15, 215, 309, 



315, 465. 563, 564, 566-71 



— maps. Frontispiece, 213, 568 

 — , marine, 507, 513, 515-21, 529-40 

 , ice-action on, 531, 536, 537-8 



— moulding landforms, 555 



— of Polar lands, 11, 380-409 

 — , primary' divisions of, 213 

 — , salt-marsh, 367, 368-70 

 — , sedgA'-grassy, 367, 370, 388 

 — , shingle-beach, 371-2, 400, 458 



— of snow-patches, 394, 402-3, 404, 



405 

 — , tropical land, 423-71 

 — , tundra, 332-3, 383-90, 410 



— -t\'pes, see Vegetational tv'pes 



— unit, 201, 323, 333-4 



— of United States, see United States, 



vegetation of 

 — , variability in time and space, 4 

 Vegetational adaptation, 565-6 

 - — belts, 10, 212, 213 



— -climatic regions of world, 213 



— degradation, fire and, 310 



— features, 9, 20 



- — t\pes, 5, 6, 10, II, 15, 20, 22, 23, 76, 

 283, 332-3, 336-540 



of bogs and inland saline waters, 



500-2 



of fresh waters, 472-500, 502-6 



of high altitudes, 409-15 



of polar lands, 380-409, 415-22 



of seas, 507-40 



of temperate and adjacent lands, 



336-79 

 • — - — of tropical and adjacent lands, 



423-71 

 Vegetative adaptation, 81-91 



— parts of plants, drugs from, 263-4 



— propagation (reproduction), 57, 61, 



64-5. 69, 79, 98, 107, 177, 179, 



521 

 Velamen, 432 



Veld of South Africa, 360, 441 

 Venetian turpentine, 273 

 Verbascum (Mullein), 103 

 Verdoorn, F., 74 

 A'ernacular names, 25 

 Vernal aspect, 340, 499 

 Verriicaria maura, 527, 530, 532, 535 

 Vertical currents in sea, 509, 511, 519 



— distribution of plants in water, 473 



— gradient of distribution of plankton, 



483, 486, 487 

 \'etch, see Vicia 



Viability, 99, 100, 248 

 Viburnum (Pimbina, etc.), 346 



W lantanci (\Va\ faring Tree), 342 

 Vicariad, 201, 202, 203, 204 

 Vicariads, evolution of, 204 

 — , types of, 202, 203, 204 

 Vicarious areas, 201-4 



— species, 201, 204 

 Vicia (Vetch), 234, 259 



V. faba (Broad Bean), 231 

 Viking colonies, 181, 222 



— relics, 181 

 Vinegar, 261 

 Vines, see Climbers 



Viola (Pansy, Violet), 123, 124 



Virginia, 341 



Virginian Spring-beauty, see Claytonia 

 virginiana 



Virus diseases, 1 17, 250, 251, 252 



Viruses, 80, 117 



Viscum orieutale (Mistletoe), 438 



Vitamins, 257, 278, 279 



Vitis vinifera (Grape), 242, 258 



Viviparous Knotweed, see Polygonum 

 viviparum 



Vivipan*', 456 



Vochysiaceae, range of (mainly neo- 

 tropical), 193 



Vodka, 261 



\'olcanic dust, 100 



Vole, 306 



^'olga Giant-wildrye, see Elymus gigan- 

 teus 



Volvocales, 481 



Vorticella, 494 



Wadis, trees bordering, 450, 454 



Wagtail, 114 



Walchia, see Lebachia (Walchia) fron- 



dosa 

 Walker, F. T., xviii, 526, 531 

 Walker, J. C, 250, 253 

 Walking Fern, see Adiaiitinn caudatum 

 Walnut, see Juglans 



— oil, 265 

 Walton, J., 153 

 Wang Chi-wu, 341 



Warm springs, population of, 476, 499 



temperate marine Algae, 530-1 



rain forest, 332, 350-4, 438 



zone, 212 



— water. Algae of, 476, 499 



fishes, 477 



Warming, E., 20, 23 



Wasting disease of Eel-grass, 43, 524 

 Water i, 11, 12, 14, 86, 106-11, 283, 

 388, 406, 407, 433, 472-540, 559 



— absorption, deep roots aiding 82, 84, 



85, 450-1 

 — , aeration of, 319, 473, 474, 477, 509 



— available, 11, 288, 289, 301 



