THE PHYLA ARTHROPODA AND ONYCHOPHORA 



Fig. 15.35. Hymenoptera. A, a digger wasp, Bembex, beginning excavation of a burrow. B, a 

 hunting wasp, Chlonon, preparing to transport a paralyzed nymphai locust to her burrow. There 

 she will deposit an egg upon her living but helpless prey, and the larval wasp which hatches will 

 feed upon the locust. By seeking various kinds of insects and spiders with which to provision 

 their burrows, the hunting wasps are a significant factor in insect control. (From E. S. Ross, 

 Insects Close Up, copyright 1953 by University of California Press, reprinted by permission.) 



close together, although each nest belongs to a single individual. In others 

 the nests are separate, but the neighbors cooperate in the construction of a 

 common entrance. Bumblebees represent a more specialized organization, 

 in which the females have become dififerentiated as fertile queens and infertile 

 workers, and the males as drones; this is the usual situation among the social 

 hymenopterans. 



A colony of honeybees may be regarded as a further development of such a 

 colonial organization as that of bumblebees. The honeybee workers keep the 

 hive in repair, collect nectar and pollen and modif\' these substances for 



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