THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL LIFE 



GLACIAL STAGES 



NORTH 

 AMERICA 



EUROPE 



TIME 



and 



CLIMATE 



MAN 



WISCONSIN 



WURM 



ILLINOIAN 



RISS 



KANSAN MINDEL 



NEBRASKAN 



GUNZ 



HISTORIC 

 5,000 B.C. 



15,000 B.C. 



COLD 



125,000 B.C. 



WARM 



275,000 B.C. 



COLD 

 375,000 B.C. 



675,000 B.C. 



COLD 

 750,000 B.C. 



WARM 



900,000 B.C. 



COLD 



1,000,000 B.C. 



WARM 



Modern races of man 



Cro-Magnon (Europe) 

 Folsom man (N. Amer.) 



Sandia man (N. Amer.) 

 Homo soloensis (Java) 



Homo rhodesiensis 

 (Africa) 



Homo neanderthalensis 

 (typical) Europe 



Homo heidelbergensis 

 (Europe5 



Pithecanthropus (China) 

 Pithecanthropus (Java) 



A ustralopithecus 



Fig. 20.9. Divisions of the Pleistocene "Ice Age" and the approximate time relations of 

 various prehuman and human types. (Adapted from O. D. von Engeln and K. E. Caster, 

 Geology, copyright 1952 hy McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., printed by permission.) 



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