INDEX 



Apiocera, 474 

 Api.s mellifern, 473 

 Apoda, 215, 217, 565 



Appendages, 91, 93; of arthropods, 484; of 

 crayfish, 426; of lobster, 427; of locust, 

 445-446; of vertebrates, 554 

 Appendicular skeleton, 93 

 Appendix, 49 

 Aptenodytes pataaonica, 576 

 Aptervgota, 457 

 Arachnida, 216, 423, 480, 482 

 Arbacia pundulata, 499, 500, 503 

 Arcella, 236, 527 

 Archaeocytes, of sponges, 275 

 Archaenpteryx, 574, 575, 577, 630 

 Archaeornithes, 577 

 Archenteron, 151 



Archiannelida, 216, 396, 417, 418 

 Arctic mammals, 598 

 Ardea occidentalism 578 

 Argentina, cactus moth of, 614 

 Ars^onauta, 392 

 Ariolimax. 385, 386 

 Aristotle, 139, 215; classification, 223; mol- 



lusks, 369 

 Aristotle's lantern, Arbacia, 499 

 Armadillo, 209, 580 

 Armadillo snails, see Amphineura 

 Arrow worms, see Chaetognatha 

 Artemia salma, 439 

 Arteries, 51 



Arthrobranchiae, of crayfish, 429 

 Arthropoda, 216, 219, 221, 224, 368, 422-485; 

 chemical coordination, 525; circulatory sys- 

 tem, 516; exoskeleton, 529; nervous coordi- 

 nation, 525; reproduction, 533 

 Articulata, 223 

 Artifacts, as evidence of cultural evolution, 



640; of Stone Age man, 645 

 Artificial selection, 478, 636, 650 

 Artiodactvla, 580, 588 

 Ascaris lumbricoides, 350, 351-352 

 Aschelminthes, 216, 219, 221, 344, 345-354, 



356, 366, 519, 528 

 Ascidiacea, 545-550 

 Ascidians, compound, 549; simple, 546, 547, 



548, 549 

 Asconoid sponges, 276 

 Ascorbic acid, 34 



Asexual reproduction, 141; in Ectoprocta, 



361; in Hydra, 300; in invertebrates, 530; 



in Metndntm, 306; in oligochaetes, 415, 



417; in Stenoslomum, 325 



Asia, camels of, 631; modern elephants in, 



630; wild horses of, 625 

 Assassin bug, 462 

 Asses, 625 



Assimilation, in amoeba, 234 

 Association centers, 104; in brain of squid, 

 390 



Aslacus, 425 



Aslenas, 490, 497; A. forbesi, 488, 489, 491; .4. 

 vulgaris, 489, 491 



Asteroidea, 216, 486, 489-497 



Astral rays, 39 



Astrangia danae, 307 , 308 



Asymptote, 610 



Athrocvtes, in invertebrate excretion, 521 



Atmospheric pressure, 79 



ATP, see Adenosine triphosphate 



Atriopore, of Branchiosloma, 551 



Atrium, in clam heart, 371, 373, 374; in 

 vertebrate hearts, 51, 52, 53; of ascidians, 

 546; of Branchiostorna, 552 



Auchenia, 631 



Auditory centers, 109 



Auditory nerve, 91, 101 



Auditory ossicles, 90, 108 



Auditory perception, in insects, 452 



Aurellia, 305 



Auricularia larva, 505, 506, 509 



Australia, and adaptive radiation of marsu- 

 pials, 609; fauna of, 608, 632; flightless 

 birds in, 579, lungfish of, 558; rabbits in, 

 614 



Australopithecus africanus, 639, 640 



Autonomic nerves, 90, 101, 115-117 



Autosomes, 41, 209 



Autotomy, in starfish, 497 



Aves, 216, 541, 574-579, 598 



Avicularia, of Bugula, 358, 360 



Avoidance, of unfavorable conditions, 605 



Avoiding reaction, Paramecium, 251, 252, 253 



Axial cell, in Mesozoa, 270, 271 



Axial filament, in cilia, 250; in flagellum, 239 



Axial skeleton, 92 



yVxolotl, 141, 563 



Axons, 69, 96 



Azores, 632 



B cells, 120 



B complex, 32, 33 



B substance, 65, 199 



Baboons, 640 



Backbones, 10 



Backcross with recessive, 188 



Bacteriophage, 262 



Bactrian camel, 631 



Balance of nature, 609, 613 



Balanced diet, 34 



Balanoglossida, 541, 542 



Balanoglossus, 541, 542 



Balamis, 438, 439 



Baleen. 609 



Ball-and-socket joints, 95 



Bandicoot, 579, 609 



Bankia caribbea, 381 



Barnacles, 438, 439, 490 



Barnea, 379, 380 



Barometric pressure, change with altitude, 600 



681 



