98 SAMUEL EDWAED DAWSON ON THE 



Eeinel's or Champlain's map or any other of the older maps drawn to a magnetic meridian will show 

 " the bay of the Bretons " mentioned bj- Santa Cruz, for it is the sheet of water bounded between Cape 

 Eace and Cape Canso. 



The especial facts bearing on the piesent inquiry are, that the island of St. John of Gomez, De 

 ChaTCs, Santa Ciuz, and Cespedes, is Cape Breton and not Prince Edward island^ and that there are 

 a sufScient number of islands in this "bay of the Bretons" including the 11,000 Virgins to till the require- 

 ments of Fagundes' grant without going up to Anticosti or Crane island in the riper St. Lawrence. • 



APPENDIX E. 



JoAM Alvarez Fagundes. 



TheEev. Dr. Patterson, in the ' Trans. E. Soc. Can.' for 1890, published an exhaustive paper on 

 the movements of the Portuguese on the northeast coast of Ameiica in the early part of the .■sixteenth 

 century. His account of Fagundes and of the grant made to him is as full as the records permit; 

 for, in truth, the details are exceedingly scanty. The maps show that as early as 1505 the openings 

 in the coast at Belle-Isle and at St. Paul's were known, and the same maps also prove that the gulf and 

 its contents were not known until Cartier opened them up to the world. It was not by Canso or St. 

 Paul's but by following the whales down the Labrador coast and into the Grand hay that the Fiench 

 and Basques entered the gulf; and Cartier pushed their enterprises to the limit of navigation at 

 Montreal. It has been sliown that Brest (on Old Fort bay) was a rendezvous and a fi.shing station 

 for the French before 1534 ; in like manner, beyond doubt, on the Atlantic coasts of Acadia the For' 

 tuguese had similar fishing stations at the favourite resorts of their sailors. No traces remain of 

 what Fagundes actually accomplished ; the grant made to him in 1521 shows that he claimed to have 

 discovered the land from the limits of the Spanish discoveries on the south to those of the Cortercals 

 on the north, and, on the strength of that claim, the crown of Portugal granted him the lordship over 

 that extent of coast. Besides this coast line, certain islands were granted, three of which were said 

 to be in the "Bay of Auguada which is on the northeastern and southwestern coast; " evidently on a 

 sea-coast trending in the general direction of the Atlantic coast. These islands are fui-thermore 

 specified by name, viz., St. John, St. Peter, St. Ann, St. Anthony, St. Pantaleone, and the archipelago 

 of the 11,000 Virgins. To locate one locates them all. Besides these, the grant mentions the island 

 of the Holy Cross and another island also, called St. Ann,'- which had been seen but not landed 

 upon. 



Of these islands, St. John is well known and also the archipelago of the 11,000 Virgins. These 

 last are always put down on the early maps on the south coast of Newfoundland. St. Peter is the pre- 

 sent St. Pierre known by that name to Jacques Cartier. The island of Santa Cruz was an iraaginarj' 

 island which haunted the Atlantic charts f\ir out to sea for nearly one hundred years. The 

 archipelago of the 11,000 Virgins still clings to our charts, in name, as the Virgin rocks ; their place 

 has moved farther out upon the banks although the rocks themselves are said never to be seen but in bad 

 weather when the breaking of the waves reveals them. St. Ann's is shown on the Harleyan map and 

 also by Ortelius on the south coast of Newfoundland. All these islands can thus be located, and it is un- 

 necessary to search for islands for Fagundes away up in the gulf and river St. Lawrence, as if there 

 were no islands on the coast to which the names belong. There remain many other islands on 

 Fagundes' coast line. There are Miquelon and Langley and Sable islands and St. Paul's and the 

 present Eamea and numerous others on the coast. In WhytHeet's map the " Ylas Fagundez " are laid 

 down south of Newfoundland. The testimony of the maps is unanimous that the gulf was unknown 

 up to 1534, when Viegas gave an embryonic outline of its shape. The map of Lazaro Luis proves 

 nothing; fur it was made in 1563 ; or rather, it proves that Prince Edward island was not the island 

 of St. John nor one of the islands granted to Fagundes, for its northern coast line is still seen as part of 

 the Nova Scotia shore. As for Auguada bay Lescarbot writes that he put into the bay of Canso for 



