104 SAMUEL EDWAED DAWSON ON THE 



" of the pure gospel." Thepicture is teaching, but truth demands the statement that he tooic the emolu- 

 ments so long as Spain would pay them. Upon the edifying circumstances surrounding thedeathbed of 

 Cabot the religious imagination of Mr. Nicholls dwells with tender eloquence. It is a pity that the 

 only circumstances recorded concerning his death are those given already in this paper (p. 64) from 

 Eden's work. Mr. Nicholls sums up his merits in one comprehensive eulogistic sentence. " He created 

 " our navy, raised England's name high among nations, placed her credit on a solid foundation, and 

 " made her citizens respected ; he was the father of free trade, and gave us the cai-rying trade of the 

 " world ! 1" 



APPENDIX H. 



The Map of 1544 and its Legends. 



It will have appeared from the preceding pages that maps were extant in Englaml and on 

 the continent with which Sebastian Cabot's name was, to a greater or less extent, identified, and it 

 will also have been seen that these maps differed among themselves. There exists a wilderness of 

 conflicting comment upon them, and to attempt to travel over it would be tedious and confusing. 

 Grateful as every student must be to Winsor, and Deane, and Kohl, and Harrisse, and many other 

 learned writers upon this much vexed question it will bo well to start the inquiry, if possible, anew 

 without attempting to discuss their views. 



In order to gather to a focus all the original information extant concerning these maps a con- 

 cordance of all the early notices will be useful. They are : — 



(a) The Uakluyt map ; seen by Hakluytin the Queen's gallerj-. 



(b) The Purchas map ; seen by Purchas in the same place. He gives its date as 1549. 



(c) The DoLaet map; referred to by DeLaetas existing in England in several copies. 



(d) The Gilbert map; seen by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in the Queen's gallery. 



(e) The Bedford map ; seen by Eichard Willes at the Earl of Bedford's at Cheynies. 



(f) The ChytriEus map : seen by Kochaff at Oxford. 



(g) The Ortelius map; in the list of 200 maps given by Ortelius at the beginning of his Atlas, 



probably seen by him in Belgium. 



(h) The Livio Sanulo map; probably seen in Venice. 



(j) The Paris map; the mappemonde dated 1554, called the Cabot map. 



Of these ma])s A to F were seen in England, and a to J were seen upon the continent. To 

 narrow the question l)y gradual elimination I would first exclude the map referred to by Livio Sanuto, 

 as his notice of it affords little information. It is mentioned in his " Geografia Dislinta in XII. 

 libri," Venice, 1588, in connection with the variation of the compass. He would seem to refer to 

 legend No. 17 of the Paris map, but no date is given or any other information. 



Ortelius is of more service. The map he saw was engraved on copper and without name of pub- 

 lisher or place of publication. This would indicate that it was like the Paris map. Of 200 maps in 

 his list, mostly engraved, none were printed in Spain and all save this bore indication of place or pub- 

 lisher. It must here be noted that, although Ortelius saw this map, his own map of 1570 does not 

 bear at the north any trace of its influence ; and also that he gives the name Jnan, not to an island 

 in the gulf as in the map of 1544, but to a small island south of Newfoundland and in the Atlantic 

 ocean. 



The preceding are continental copies ; coming now to English copies there is the Bedford map. 

 It may be gleaned from this mention that it indicated a northwest passage. It is spoken of as " Cabot's 

 table which the Earle of Bedford hath at Cheynies." The Gilbert map confirms this indication. It 

 was seen by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in the Queen's gallery, and is referred to in his discourse published 

 in 1576. He introduces a little confusion by giving the date of the landfall as June 11, and at 

 Labrador on the north side. This Canadians know to have been impossible at that season, as also 

 is the statement, borrowed probably from Eamusio, that the sea was then open and Cabot might have 



