VOYAGES OF THE CABOTS IN 1497 AND 1498. Ill 



58. Sometimes this great bay was called the sea of Verrazano. Winsor says it cost the French of Canada 

 one hundred and forty years of effort to realize the fact that the way to Cathay was not by the St. Lawrence. 



59. Markham also is clear upon this point. Huklwjl Soc. Vol. for 1893. 



60. Jean et Sébastien Cabot, p. 197. 



61. Vitet — Ilialoire de Dieppe states that a school of hydrograpliy was established there in tlie middle of the 

 Kith century. 



62. Jean el Sébastien Cahot, p. 230. 



63. It is clearly identified as the Great Magdalen by Isle Brion close to it. 



64. Jean et Sébastien Cabot, p. 242. 



65. Gomara was the first writer to apply the name, conjointly with Golfo Quadrado, in 1553. 



66. Discovery of America, p. 20. 



67. Bevue Critiqtie d'Histoire et de la Littérature, April, 1870. 



68. These ob.servations are based upon the facsimile in .Tomard. 



69. Hakluyt — Particular Discourse on "Western Planting, p. 249, Goldsmith's ed. 



70. The letter is dated 18th December, 1497, in the interval between the first and second voyages, " This 

 " Mesaer. Zoanne (John Cabot) has the description of the world on a chart and also on a soliil sphere which he 

 '' has constructed, and on which he shows where he has been." This passage taken witli De Ayala's letter to the 

 Catholic sovereigns is of great interestas bearing upon La Cosa's map. The great historical importance of the 

 map has caused many copies to be made. Humboldt, Kohl, Stevens, Jomard, Winsor, Harrisse, Kretsohmer and 

 Markham all give reproductions of it, but some of them have been taken from copies and the photographic repro- 

 ductions of others are very much reduced in size and the details are lost. The copy given here is a tracing from a 

 facsimile published at Madrid in 1.S92. The coast is not a hard line as in most copies, as if a survey had been 

 made, but a broken line as of a reconnaissance on a coasting voyage. In the facsimile two email islands are 

 shown, not seen on the other copies and some small islands shown on other copies between I. de la Trinidat and 

 the coast are not found. The facsimile must be taken as the best representation extant and is reproduced in all 

 the colours of the original. 



71. Probably the mouth of Hudson's strait, where the tidal currents flow with great rapidity. The rise and 

 fall of the tide at the mouth of Ungava river is (J4 feet. (Evidence of Mr. R. Crawford before Committee of House 

 of Commons of Canada, 1884, and Report of Expedition by Capt. Gordon in 1886). On the Hakluyt map the same 

 locality is indicated by the inscription '' a furious over-fall." The wind against such tidal currents makes a very 

 heavy sea. 



72. An imaginary island of Santana is shown off the banks of Newfoundland in Ortelius' map. 



73. There was no universal standard of correction but each maker corrected his compasses to the variation of 

 his own country. At La Rochelle the correction was less than in Flanders or eastern France and at Genoa there 

 was no variation and consequently no correction. Champlain refers to compasses of both kinds. 



74. The gut or strait of Canso has had several names. Here it is the channel of St. Julien. Denys calls it 

 " le petit passage de Canipseaux " and describes the harbour now called Port Mulgrave under the name of Havre 

 de Fronsac. Charlevoix calls the strait " le passage do Fronsac." The name of Denys, Sieur de Fronsac, ought 

 never to have been allowed to fade off that coast. 



75. John Cabot was by no means a stay-at-home merchant. His characteristics show out in the letters of 

 Soncino, and of Pasqualigo who was his fellow townsman. He is called " a distinguished sailor and skilled in the 

 discovery of new islands," " very expert in navigation." He had also travelled in the east. 



76. Benjamin, S. G. ^\'.~Cruise of ike Alice May- New York, Appleton, 1885. 



77. These forms apparently différent are in reality the same ; for the tilde or the dash over the final a mark 

 the elision of n or m. There is no English type to show it. 



78. Compare the outline of the south coast of Newfoundland in Reinel's map with that of Cham plain's at 

 p. 94. Both are on a magnetic meridian. The relative positions of Cape Race and Cape Breton are the same. 



