182 BISHOP HOWLEY ON CARTIER'S COUESE. 



He then rounded Cape Race (Cap de Raze), a point well known even in those early days, 

 and entered the harbour of Rougnoze, the harbour known to-day as Renews. This harbour is 

 not Trepassey, as Mr. Pope erroneously states. Trepassey is on the westward side of Cape 

 Race, and in going to it from St. Pierre one would not have to round Cape Race. Rognouse, 

 a name appearing on the earliest existing maps, is about fifteen miles to the northeast of 

 Cape Race. Cartier took wood and water in this harbour, and, on the 19th of June, set sail 

 for home, where, after a fair passage, he arrived on the Gth of July. He winds up with a 

 pious aspiration, giving glory to God for all his exploits, and prays to be given the grace of 

 God and heaven at last. Amen. 



CARTIER'S COURSE. 



The Sylvanus Map, in the Ptolemy of 1511, is only a crude and inaccurate reproduction from 

 the Portuguese Portolano of 1502, reproduced by Kuntsmann in 1504. What places it beyond all 

 doubt that the land to the west, called "Regalis Domus" on the Ptolemy of 1511, is the east coast of 

 Newfoundland and not the west coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as sujiposed by Mr. Justin 

 Winsor, is that the well known name of Capo Raso is marked on it (on the Portolano 1502 and 

 150-1). The " Terra Laboratoris," which on the Cantino Map, 1502, and the Carnerio, 1503, is left 

 undefined, and clearly represents Cape Farewell, in Greenland, on these Portuguese maps and 

 Kuntsmann is developed into an island, is misplaced, being brought further south ; and loses its 

 proper outline and direction. It is evident that we have here the lirst confounding of this land 

 (the Greenland of the Cantino and Carnerio) with the present Labrador. This accounts for its 

 moi'e southern position, and change of outline. The whole idea becomes more completely developed 

 on the Reinel maps of 1503 and 1505. Here we have, for the " Terra Cortereal," the outline of the 

 east coast of Newfoundland quite clearly defined, and containing all the names which exist to-day : 

 viz., Fortune, St. John, Baccala, C. Spear, C. Race, etc , and the island to the north developes into 

 the continent of (the present) Labrador. The wide open sea formerly representing the water 

 between Greenland and Labrador, is now reduced to a narrow gut or strait, evidently the first idea 

 of the Straits of Belle Isle. To the south and west of Newfoundland is also shown an other such 

 gut or inlet, giving an idea of the southern entrance to the Gulf, by Cape Ray. This idea is still 

 further developed in the Reinel reproduction of 1505, but there does not yet appear any conception 

 of Newfoundland being an island with the great Gulf behind it. 



This map is the basis of those of Verrazano (1523), MajoUo (1527), Ribero (1528), and all 

 which followed till after Cartier placed beyond all doubt the insular character of Newfoundland. 



