8 



JOHN MACOXIN ON 



Acer saccharinum, Wang. (Sugar maple). 



'' rubrum, Linn (Eed maple). 



" Pennsylvanicum, Linn. (Striped maple). 

 Prunus seroiina, Ehrh. (Black cherry). 



" Pennsylvanica, L. f. (Bird cherry)- 

 Praxinus sambud folia , Lam. (Black ash). 



" Americana, Linn. (White ash). 



Ulmus Americana, Linn. (Common elm). 

 Betvla papyri/era, Marsh, (f'anoe birch). 



" alba, var. popiiHtolia, Spach. (White birch). 



" lutea^ Michx. f. (Yellow birch). 

 Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Beech). 



Qwrcus rubra, Linn. (Red oak). 

 Pop^dm Iremriloides, Michx. (Aspen). 



" balsamifira, Linn. (Balsam poplar). 

 Piiius Strobus, Linn. (White pine). 



" rennosa, Ait. (Red pine). 

 Picea alba, Link. (Wliite spruce). 



" nigra, Link. (Black spruce). 



" rubra. Lam. (Red spruce). 

 Abies batsamea. Mill. (Balsam fir). 

 Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. (Hemlock). 

 Larix Americana, Michx. (Larch, tamarack). 

 Thuya occidentalis, Linn. (White cedar). 



A few words may be said regarding the distribution of the twenty -four species enumerated 

 above. While sugar maples and beeches grow on ridges and the more elevated parts on the 

 mainland of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick they are found throughout Prince Edward 

 Island on the general level only a few feet above the level of the sea. This one fact shows 

 that the island has a better climate than the mainland and is much less subject to cold fogs. 

 The sugar maple is more sensitive than most of our trees to a damp atmosphere and as it 

 approaches its northern limit invariably occupies dry ridges, leaving the lower ground to 

 birches and conifers. 



Prince Edward Island produces finer specimens of balsam and the three spruces than 

 are to be seen elsewhere in the Dominion. The air and soil seem to suit them perfectly, and 

 a drive from Charlottetown to Brackley Point will show more beautitiil specimens of these 

 trees than can be seen anywhere else. The red spruce has been a puzzle to most botanists 

 and may or may not be a good species, but seen on Prince Edward Island it is easily separated 

 from either P. alba or P. nigra. It seems to be intermediate between the black and ^diite 

 species but more nearly related to the black. In the white spruce the cones are at the tips 

 of the branches, and are from an inch to two inches long, drooping and deciduous. In the 

 black spruce they are short and ovoid, clustered close to the stem and branches and persis- 

 tent or very slightly deciduous. The cones of the red spruce are between the other two 

 both in shape and position. 



The occurrence of the white cedar in isolated patches near Tignish at the north end of 

 Prince Edward Island and in Nova Scotia near Annapolis is somewhat remarkable, and this 

 fact becomes more significant when it is known that its western outlier is found on Cedar 

 Lake, an expansion of the Saskatchewan River, at least 200 miles west of any other point at 

 which it is knoAA'n to occur. I have no facts to offer in explanation of this peculiar distribu- 

 tion unless it be that the cedar is an old species that is gradually dying out. 



Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 



The forest floras of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are practically identical and the 

 climatic conditions are very similar in both provinces. On the side towards the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence the same conditions prevail as in Prince Edward Island, and the hardwood timber 

 is found much nearer sea level than along the Atlantic coast and the Bay of Fundy. 

 Northern New Brunswick has a more continental climate and may be compared with that 

 of Quebec and northern Ontario. The following 29 species, with the exception of TiUa 

 Americana, Juglans cinerea and Quercus macrocarpa, occur in both provinces. 



