THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS. 37 



They swallow, but not very well, a little fluid placed in the mouth. Though they retch 

 when the handle of a spoon is placed far back in the pharynx, this is neither very pronounced 

 nor very sudden. Upon putting the finger to the front of the mouth, the foreleg is used to 

 remove it without any attempt at sucking. (Will or reflex ?) 



Up to this date exhaustion under any stimulus is a marked feature to which reference 

 will be made subsequently. 



It is again noticed that all reflexes are more perfectly carried out and the latent period 

 shortening. 



When the dam was nursing the puppies, one of them was put behind her. It felt 

 about for a short time and then got round to the front and soon reached a teat. Another 

 did the same, though not so quickly. 



Individual differences are now more evident. 



Certain important points were settled on the evening of the 17th day, to which special 

 attention is called. The observations and experiments were made at 8.30 p.m. 



During sleep growling, twitching of the muscles, sucking movements, licking, etc., are 

 observed. 



The dam was placed near the puppies when asleep. There was licking of the lips, and 

 general uneasiness, but no actual waking up till the dam stood near the centre of the pen 

 where they were lying, when some stood up and were evidently " feeling about for the body 

 scent," as sportsmen describe the action of their dogs when they detect the scent left by the 

 bodies of game birds as opposed to that of the feet. 



Special tests were made of hearing. Clapping of the hands rouses them suddenly', but 

 not in that unquestionable way seen later, for wafting the hand over them does the 

 same but less suddenly. 



Then low growling and low barking sounds arc made which seem to rouse them at 

 first a little, but this was not demonstrative. 



Upon sounding the dog whistle loudlv, there was a doubtful twitching of the ears, etc. 

 But on repeating any of these tests, the results were still more doubtful or wholly negative. 



To determine whether this was due to the concussion caused by clapping the hands or 

 to the actual aerial vibrations, the physical stimulus in hearing, I stamped on the floor where 

 I stood when clapping the hands, causing more concussion than the clapping possibly could, 

 but with no results. 



Finally a thick cloth was interposed between the puppies and the hands when the result 

 was positive, showing conclusively that heaving was now established on the seventeenth daj'. 



One of the puppies upon having his back rubbed the wrong way of the hair, or rather 

 both ways, growled. Several others were tried, but while roused in a measure, did not 

 growl ; and even the first one soon ceased to react. 



Although ordinary sounds do not rouse them, feelings of discomfort do, for they rarely 

 or never empty the bowels or bladder now where they lie, but move aside to do so. As in 

 the case of rubbing the back reflex eftects get fainter and soon cease. 



18//t day. — Being without food for three hours the puppies are very active. They walk 

 about with tails u^i and play with each other. 



In order to determine whether they are still guided by the sense of smell or hy sight 

 also, two of the puppies were removed from the pen and their eyes bandaged ; but this 

 seemed to confuse them and render them so uneasy that no conclusions could be drawn. 



