58 WESLEY MILLS ON 



retired with his tail down and an appearance of dejection, did he reason that I might he 

 again the cause of some unpleasant feelings to him ? 



Two evenings since, the weather heing intensely hot, the dam of these puppies was 

 allowed to sleep on a veranda (more airy) of the house instead of in the kennel. She had 

 not been on this veranda since last summer. At a late hour I opened the door leading from 

 the veranda into the yard and invited her to come out. She declined to do so which at first 

 surprised me. The dog did not wish to be removed to the kennel, and this was borne out 

 by the fact that on the following evening as she lay on the same veranda opening the door 

 leading to the yard and at the same time that of the kitchen she immediately got up and 

 walked into the kitchen. In the latter she had received many a tit-bit. Wherein does the 

 behaviour of this St. Bernard bitcli difter from that of a child of say five yeai's of age who 

 when amid his play is called by his mother, but silently protesting turns quickly away ? 

 Does he before turning formulate any sentences? He can do so to be sure, but does he — 

 must he? Is not the process or series of processes in his mind closely akin to those in the 

 mind of my St. Bernard ? 



Is the behaviour of the pujip}' that turns away when he sees me difterent from or akin 

 to that of its dam in the circumstances already detailed ? 



In the case of pawing away the sawdust there seems to be the recognition of a cause, 

 yet is it possible to separate this mental process wholly from the restless moving about of an 

 animal that does not find its bed quite comfortable and which certainl}^ requires no 

 "reasoning" to explain ? 



Associated Reflexes. — When referring to reflexes in general I omitted to call attention 

 to certain phenomena which seem to me unquestionably of this character, e. g., on the 23rd 

 day when one i)uppy licks the other after feeding, as is always the ease, it is observed t(3 

 place it paws on the head of the other and spread the toes exactly as in sucking the mother 

 when it places its paws against the mammary glands ; and so in other instances. The associ- 

 ation in one kind of use of the mouth (sucking) is made with another kind as licking, etc. 



Experience. — Any one who without prejudice watches any young animal cannot fail to 

 be impressed with tlie readiness with which, within certain natural limits, it profits by its 

 experience ; and this is one of the lessons of tbe diary of these puppies, evident in all direc- 

 tions, instincts included. As one instance among many I refer the reader to the advance 

 noted in regard to the bones on the o9th and 61st days, and the entire behaviour of the 

 puppies in the j'ard on that day. The manner in which they acted, as if they were well 

 acquainted with the yard, the various ways in wliich their movements and actions suggested 

 the old dog illustrated to me in a way that was somewhat of a surprise, the readiness with 

 which they availed themselves of every experience and quickly worked it into their nature. 



The 3Iysterious. — That dogs do in some fashion recognize causation and are puzzled b}' 

 its apparent absence seems to be beyond doubt. 



The earliest manifestation of this I have noted on the 38th day in connection with 

 dangling a bright chain ; nevertheless this is not to my mind a clear case. 



Individuality. — From time to time reference has been made to individual difi'erences 

 both psychic and physical. It is not easy to make perfectly evident in a diary the extent to 

 which individuality is shown, but even in the blind period it exists ; and to a close observer, 

 familiar with dogs and the particular breed being studied, it shows itself in a variety of 

 ways — often it may be diificult to describe in words. Sometimes when but a few weeks old 

 a puppy foreshadows his future in an unmistakable way. 



