84 SIR WILLIAM DAWSON ON 



2. Papa Bigshii, Dawson. 

 [Am. Jl. of Scienne, vol. XX., 1880. p. 410 ; Revision of Pal. Land Snails, Am. Jl. Sci., 1880, p. 410.] 

 Coal Formation, S. Joggins, If. Scotia, col. J. W. D. 



3. Pupa pervetus, Matthew. 

 [Trans. Royal Society of Canada, 1893.] 

 Devonian, Little R. Gronp, St. John, N. B., col. G. F. Matthew. 



4. StrojMa (Strophella) grandœva, Dawson. 

 [American Jl. of Science, vol. XX., p. 413 ; Salient Points in the Science of the Earth, p. 288.] 

 Devonian, L. Elver Group, St. John, ]Sr. B., col. G. F. Matthew. 



5. Zonites [Conulus) priseus, Carpenter. 

 [Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London, Nov., 18G7 ; Acadian Geology, 2d edition, 18G8, p. 385.] 

 Coal Formation, S. Joggins, Nova Scotia, col. J. W. D. 



Note on Erect Trees Recently Discovered. 



These remarkable repositories of animal remains, occurring in the section of coal-forma- 

 tion rocks so beautifully exposed at the South Joggins in Nova Scotia, were discovered by 

 Sir Charles Lyell and the writer in 1851, and were tirat described in a joint paper published 

 in the Journal of the Geological Society of London in 1853.' Subsequently they have been 

 more fully noticed in " Acadian Geology," in the " Air-breathers of the Coal Period," '^ and 

 in a paper publis'hed in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London'' in 1882. Shorter 

 notices will be found in ray " Salient Points in the Science of the Earth " and in the Trans- 

 actions of this Society for 1891. 



The singular combination of accidents necessary to secure the preservation of remains of 

 land animals in the interior of erect trees was, of course, of very rare occurrence, and in point 

 of fact until the year 1893 these conditions were known to occur in only one set of beds : 

 under the thick-bedded sandstone in Division 4, Section XV., Coal-group 15, of my section 

 of tbe South Joggins in " Acadian Geology." 



In the spring of 1893, however, Mr. P. W. McNaugliton, of the Joggins Coal Mine, 

 who had been so kind as to watch the exposures of trees in the cliif at my request, found two 

 productive trees in beds considerably below that which had aflbrded the jwevious discoveries. 

 According to Mr. McNaughton's observations, the lowest of these trees is in Division 4, 

 Section XII., Coal-group 26, of my section, or 414 feet lower in the series tlian the original 

 bed, and about 1,617 feet distant from it along the shore. The intervening beds, besides 

 sandstones, shales and underclays, include fifteen small seams of coal, and five beds of bitum- 

 inous limestone and calcareo-bituminous shale, so that they must represent a considerable 

 lapse of time. This tree, from the imperfect marking preserved on its surface, was evidently 

 a ribl)cd Sigillaria. It was rooted in a shaly underclay, with coaly streaks and stigmaria 

 ~ roots. It was 1 foot 11 inches in diameter near the base. Below this, as is often the 



1 Vol. IX., p. 58. 

 •^ Montreal, 1863. 

 3 Volume of 1882, p. 621 et seq. 



