34 SCIENCE IN AFRICA / 



actual direction of field work comes from an office at the Ministry 

 of Colonies in Brussels. Perhaps as a result of this centralization, 

 more stress has been laid on the wider aspects of surveying such 

 as major triangulation and the publication of topographical maps. 

 The survey of Katanga is organized separately by the Comite 

 Special du Katanga, also with offices in Brussels, which directs both 

 geographical and geological work. Since the Katanga administra- 

 tion has developed independently as regards research, a few details 

 of its programme may be given. The first object is to estabHsh a 

 geodetic network of triangles over the whole country to serve as a 

 foundation for maps showing topography, soils, geology, and vege- 

 tation. The network at present extends over all southern Katanga 

 and most of the northern territory to the east of the Lualaba 

 River. The next stage, which is complete for io° square in the 

 south of Katanga, is to make topographical maps, which are 

 drawn on the scale of i : 100,000, and published on i : 200,000, the 

 contours being inserted at intervals of 25 metres. The sheets already 

 published give a very good idea of the province. They are referred 

 to in subsequent chapters. 



PORTUGUESE 



As part of the recent reorganization of the Ministry of Colonies 

 at Lisbon, a new department was established for geographical and 

 scientific investigation, so that a centre now exists comparable 

 with those mentioned above for the British, French, and Belgian 

 colonies. In Angola and Mozambique there are large Public 

 Works Departments which include sections devoted to survey and 

 mapping. The area administered by the Mozambique Company 

 has its own survey staflp, and in the Tete District, between Northern 

 and Southern Rhodesia, a special geographical mission has been 

 at work for a number of years. In Angola the Ministry of Colonies 

 is now organizing a special mission to triangulate the southern 

 part of the Benguela-Mossamedes plateau. 



FINANCE 



During the years of economic depression from 1930 onwards, 

 the survey departments of the Empire were more severely cur- 



