GEOLOGY 63 



to the study and development of the mineral resources of the 

 Union, and recently a minerals development officer has been 

 appointed to spend part of each year in London, in order to main- 

 tain close touch with the markets. 



The Southern Rhodesian department, built up under Mr. H. B, 

 Maufe (now retired), has done much work on the distribution 

 of economic minerals. General geological survey is also well 

 advanced and soils are a subject of particular study. 



In the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan a Geological Department under Mr. 

 Grabham has accomplished valuable work, though little has yet 

 been published. The department is seriously under-staffed, there 

 being one geologist to about a million square miles. 



Nearly all the British Colonies Protectorates and Mandates have 

 efficient Geological Departments and in ten or fifteen years valu- 

 able data have been accumulated. Exceptions are the Gambia, 

 which was the subject of a special report by the Gold Coast 

 department (Cooper 1927), and Somaliland, where the duties of 

 Director of Agriculture and geological officer are combined. ^ 

 Northern Rhodesia has no official department, but active geologi- 

 cal work is carried out by mining companies. In Kenya extensive 

 pioneering was done by the late Professor J. W. Gregory and others, 

 but an official geologist was not appointed till 1933, after the dis- 

 covery of the Kakamega Goldfields; the staff now consists of two 

 geologists as part of the Mining and Geological Department.^ 

 Fortunately the men originally appointed as directors of the well- 

 established Colonial Geological Surveys, such as Sir Albert E. 

 Kitson in the Gold Coast (retired). Dr. E. O. Teale in Tanganyika 

 (now appointed minerals development officer and spending part of 

 his time each year in London), Mr. E.J. Wayland in Uganda, Dr. 

 R. C. Wilson in Nigeria, Dr. F. Dixey in Nyasaland, and Dr. 

 N. R. Junner in Sierra Leone (now transferred to the Gold Coast), 

 have realized that economic research by itself is insufficient to 

 ascertain the extent of mineral resources in an unknown country. 

 Systematic geological surveys and mapping are necessary for the 



* A survey of mineral resources was carried out in 1924 (British Somaliland 1924) 

 and three petroleum surveys of various parts of the country have been made on differ- 

 ent occasions. 



2 A geological survey of the north Kavirondo area, where the goldfields occur, is in 

 progress, and the surveys made by concessionaires, as one of the conditions of their 

 exclusive prospecting licences, add to the Government's information. 



