METEOROLOGY 1 01 



order stations under meteorological specialists; two, at Eala and 

 Elisabethville, were established before the war, and a third, at 

 Tshibinda in the Kivu area, was opened in 1928. The station at 

 Elisabethville is the best equipped of the three and controls the 

 meteorological service of Katanga. There are some 300 rain 

 stations, of which 100 also make observations of temperature. All 

 these are in charge of agricultural officers, administrative officers 

 or missions, but, in spite of careful instruction, the temperature 

 observations, in particular, have sometimes been found unsatis- 

 factory. In the Kivu area the rain stations, in addition to that at 

 Tshibinda, were organized by M. Scaetta, and a remarkable piece 

 of work was the installation of four rain-gauges for high altitude 

 observations on the mountains Buzezu (2,460 metres high), Bugoi 

 (2,230 metres), Kahuzi (3,308 metres), and Karissimbi (4,506 

 metres). The water collected in these gauges is measured every 

 six months. 



Before 191 1, some observations were made by administrative 

 officers and missions, but the records in general lack continuity, 

 except one at Banana which continued for twenty years. Impor- 

 tant papers on the climate are by Gasthuys (1924) on various re- 

 gions of the Congo, and by Scaetta (1933) on the rift valley. 



Air services in the Congo are developing rapidly. The distribu- 

 tion of meteorological information by wireless has not yet com- 

 menced, but arrangements to effect this service are reported to be 

 in preparation. 



NORTH-EAST AFRICA 



Egypt, through its dependence on the Nile, has interests in 

 meteorology and hydrology which extend beyond its territorial 

 boundaries, and its Physical Department has undertaken researches 

 over nearly the whole Nile basin, and has established recording 

 stations in the Sudan and in Abyssinia. The connection between 

 Egypt and Great Britain has, further, led to a close co-operation 

 between the meteorological services of the two countries, especially 

 for the development of the Imperial air service. 



Much material has been published on the meteorology of Egypt. 

 Hurst and Phillips (1931) have brought together all important 

 data in the first volume of their book on the Nile basin. The 



