102 SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



Meteorological Atlas of Egypt (1931) is a handsome production 

 prepared by order of King Fuad I. It gives maps and diagrams 

 of the geographical and seasonal distribution of elements, in some 

 cases for Egypt only, in others for Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian 

 Sudan, and in others again for the whole of the Nile basin, includ- 

 ing the great lakes. The papers by Peters, Sutton, Range, Spath, 

 Lahmeyer, and Dorno, referred to in the bibliography, may be 

 selected as of especial value. In addition, numerous papers have 

 been published in recent years on local Egyptian climatic condi- 

 tions, including one by B. E. F. Keeling on the climate of Abbassia 

 and one by L.J. Sutton on the climate of Helwan. 



It is interesting to note that the network of meteorological sta- 

 tions includes the oases of Siwa, Dakhla, and Kharga in the Libyan 

 Desert. For these it has been considered safe to base normal values 

 on a ten-year record. Even at such almost entirely rainless stations, 

 severe storms occasionally occur, yielding from one to two or more 

 inches of rain within twenty-four hours. 



A belief that was held some years ago, that the extensive Nile 

 irrigation works were making Egypt colder and damper, was found 

 to have no basis, although it is quite likely that localized night fogs 

 are now more frequent over the irrigated surfaces. 



In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan special study has been made of the 

 northern region near Khartoum where cotton cultivation is de- 

 veloped. The most important paper is by Sutton (1923). A string 

 of stations has been established down the Nile in connection with 

 irrigation works; some of these have been enlarged and additional 

 stations created for the airways. Summaries of the observations 

 made in Egypt and the Sudan are published in the Annual 

 Meteorological Reports issued by the Physical Department, Cairo. 

 They comprise observations from about eighty meteorological sta- 

 tions and a hundred rainfall stations. 



British Somaliland has an efficient station at Berbera. There are 

 six other stations in the Protectorate which record particulars of 

 temperature, rainfall, and velocity and direction of ground winds. 



Libya maintains an official service with headquarters at Tripoli. 

 A considerable number of meteorological studies have appeared of 

 late years in Italian journals. Eredia has published numerous 

 papers on the meteorology of this and the other Italian colonies 



