ZOOLOGY 229 



park in order to ensure the necessary goodwill and a revenue from 

 regular visitors. So far in Africa only the Kruger Park has this 

 advantage, but the Pare National Albert expects a much increased 

 revenue from visitors in the near future. 



According to recent publications of the American Committee 

 for International Wild Life Protection (1933 and 1935), which 

 contain the most recent data readily available, all Africa including 

 the Mediterranean countries and Madagascar, contains about 

 149 reserves or national parks. The publications cited contain 

 a classified list of these areas which range from a few thousand 

 acres for the protection of particular species to the 8,600 square 

 miles of the Kruger Park and even larger areas in some of the 

 reserves, though the figures given must inevitably be approxima- 

 tions only. The value of these areas for the scientific study of the 

 reaction of animals to their environment, of enzootic diseases and 

 kindred subjects, is incalculable. At the same time it must be 

 remembered that national parks and game reserves are likely to 

 harbour diseases which are subject to fluctuations and may be- 

 come epizootic among domestic animals in the surrounding 

 regions, so that caution is necessary in the creation and perpetua- 

 tion of such areas. 



Possible lines of future development have been lucidly discussed 

 by J. S. Huxley (1931) in a chapter on 'Wild Life, Sport, and 

 Sanctuaries', but a few additional notes on recent developments 

 may be given. 



The Kruger National Park, which has been described by Colonel 

 Stevenson-Hamilton (1929 and 1937), evolved from the Sabi Game 

 Reserve, the first wild-life sanctuary ever declared in the continent 

 (in 1898), and has proved to be an asset of marked value to the 

 Union. At the beginning of the century animals were scarce and 

 wild as a result of many years of unrestricted hunting, but a nuc- 

 leus of most indigenous forms remained, which rapidly increased 

 in numbers as a result of protection, and spread to areas from 

 which they had been absent for a long time. Now, after nearly 

 thirty years of conservation, the tameness of the animals is amaz- 

 ing; in particular they show no concern at the passing of motor- 

 cars. Roads and rest-houses have been developed to such a pitch, 

 as a result of generous grants from the Union Government, that 



