278 SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



which was highly populated prior to 1902 but has since been 

 entirely depopulated, is also the site of a campaign against G. 

 pallidipes. The riverine woods are being split into blocks by clear- 

 ings at fords, and then the flies are eradicated by traps and hand- 

 catching from each block separately. In this locality the aerial 

 survey, made in connection with the Kakamega mining area, has 

 proved invaluable. One of the entomologists from the Tanganyika 

 department has also been stationed at Kilifi on the Kenya coast 

 for research work on G. pallidipes. 



In Uganda, after the historic epidemics of sleeping sickness at 

 the beginning of the century, much pioneer work was carried 

 out on tsetse flies by Bruce and others, and, as a result, the entire 

 native population was evacuated from large areas bordering the 

 great lakes and rivers, and including several of the islands in Lake 

 Victoria, these regions being declared tsetse reserves. In this work 

 the name of Dr. (now Professor) G. D. Hale Carpenter figures 

 prominently. Dr. Duke and the staff' of his laboratory for research 

 on trypanosomiasis carried out fundamental investigations up to 

 1935, when the laboratory was closed down. Present work on fly 

 by the government officers is restricted mainly to the application 

 of existing knowledge to local problems. Organized fires, carried 

 out by the veterinary department over many districts, have proved 

 their value in reducing the incidence of fly, and a map of the Pro- 

 tectorate, showing the distribution of G. palpalis on the lake shores 

 and rivers, G. morsitans in the south-west, west Nile, and part of the 

 Northern Provinces, G. pallidipes in the south-east of the Eastern 

 Province and in the Toro district, and G. fuscipleuris in the forests 

 of the Western Province, has been published (Uganda 1934, D.R. 

 p. 18). Experiments have been carried out on the use of artificial 

 shelters for trapping pupae, and also traps for flies. In 1935-7, ^^' 

 Mellanby has been in Uganda experimenting with G. palpalis. The 

 results (Mellanby 1936 and 1937) may cause some change in out- 

 look on the control of this species of fly, in particular with regard 

 to the size of clearings required at river crossings and watering 

 places. 



In the Gold Coast the conditions appear to be very similar to 

 those of Nigeria. In the dry Northern Territories the chief problem 

 seems to be that of G. tachinoides and G. morsitans, while the more 



