ANIMAL INDUSTRY 433 



day. At Stanleyville the local African pig has been crossed with 

 the Large Black. The offspring produced are at first highly suc- 

 cessful, but seem to degenerate as time goes on. 



The distribution of horses is limited by the presence of tsetse 

 fly, but in some regions horses have marked importance, as in 

 the Emirates of Northern Nigeria, where saddle horses are exten- 

 sively used. South Africa, the Kenya highlands and the Anglo- 

 Egyptian Sudan are perhaps the chief centres of modern horse- 

 breeding, and in each of these Arab and thoroughbred stallions 

 have been introduced and distributed for service. In the terri- 

 tories bordering the desert regions, especially the Sahara, camel- 

 breeding is an age-old industry. In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 

 the Government has given much attention to the improvement of 

 transport camels, and interest in the Government studs, especially 

 in the Red Sea Province, has been aroused so much among the 

 natives that they are gradually abandoning the promiscuous 

 breeding methods of the past. 



There is a great field for improvement in the poultry of Africa. 

 Work has hardly begun, except in the Union of South Africa, 

 Southern Rhodesia and the settled parts of the tropics, where 

 numerous introductions of pure breeds have been made. 



Experiments in the domestication of the African elephant have 

 been carried out in the Belgian Congo since 1899, but nowhere 

 else in the continent. The results are given by Huffman (1931). 

 A station was opened at Api in 1910 with thirty-five elephants, 

 and another station at Gangala na Bodio was added later. Young 

 elephants, twelve to fifteen years old, are captured for training, 

 and are used for heavy work on agricultural stations, military 

 camps, public works, etc., and the work of each is said to equal 

 that of fourteen or sixteen oxen. There are forty-five at Gangala 

 na Bodio, and an equal number at work elsewhere (Congo Beige 

 1934 onwards). On the whole the experiment may be regarded 

 as a success, but the fact that African elephants are not now more 

 widely used, suggests that their training is found to be too costly 

 by comparison with that of other draught animals. 



