458 SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



to charitable institutions at special rates. The social value of the 

 scheme is apparent. 



The Dairy Research Institute attached to the University of 

 Pretoria is maintained jointly by the university and the division 

 of dairying and besides ordinary routine work research is con- 

 ducted. Projects under investigation include the processing of 

 cream by the 'Murray vacreator' and the 'A.P.V. pasteurizer and 

 degasser' for manufacturing butter; work on surface taint in butter; 

 chemical tests for detecting rancidity in butter, the relationship 

 between mastitis infection of the cow's udder and the solids-not- 

 fat content of milk; studies of the metabolism of proleolytic organ- 

 isms causing bitterness in dairy products; the manufacture of 

 cheese from pasteurized milk, and studies of the defects, fattiness 

 and oiliness of South African butter. Dairy research work is also 

 done at the Potchefstroom, Cedara and Glen schools of agricul- 

 ture, and at Stellenbosch University. The number of dairy 

 research workers in the Union was eight in 1937 (Imperial 

 Agricultural Bureaux 1938). 



In the High Commission territories, cream is produced in the 

 south-western part of Swaziland, for the creamery at Port Relief. 

 Native dairies are on the increase, and a larger number of milk 

 collecting stations will be established as the newly constructed 

 Bremersdorp butter factory comes into operation. In Bechuana- 

 land two creameries were registered with the Union dairy control 

 board in 1936. 



In Southern Rhodesia the encouragement of the dairy industry as 

 part of a general policy of establishing mixed farming was recom- 

 mended by the report of the committee on agriculture (Southern 

 Rhodesia 1934). The industry has a dairy control board as in 

 the Union, and some eight registered creameries produce over a 

 million pounds of butter annually. Efforts to reduce the propor- 

 tion of lo^er grade cream are meeting with success. Research is 

 conducted by the chief dairy officer. 



In the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan a certain amount of clarified butter 

 is produced. In 1936 the veterinary department started the 

 collection of data from centres with a seasonal surplus of milk, 

 with a view to establishing creameries and thereby encouraging 

 the industry; the simple method of preparation direct from cream, 



