470 SCIENCE IN AFRICA 



medical work, and have deliberately preferred hospitals of a type 

 not far removed from native life. To mention a few examples 

 among many, the well-known C.M.S. hospital at Mengo, Kam- 

 pala, was built up through the work of Sir Albert and Lady Cook. 

 It is one of the earliest hospitals in East Africa, dating from 1 896, 

 and is now among the largest, having 163 beds and some 16,000 

 out-patients annually, but perhaps its most important work is con- 

 nected with the twenty-four maternity and child-welfare centres 

 with attached dispensaries which deal with some 150,000 cases 

 every year. In Tanganyika the maternity hospital and dispensary 

 of the African Inland Mission at Kalandato near Shinyanga, with 

 Dr. Maynard in charge, is another striking example of such work. 

 In West Africa missionary activity in the Southern Provinces of 

 Nigeria has resulted in the establishment of many medical centres, 

 among which may be mentioned the C.M.S. maternity hospital 

 at lyaenu, near Onitsha, in charge of two lady doctors, where, on 

 nearly every day of the year, a baby is born under hygienic con- 

 ditions and some 200 out-patients come for consultation. As 

 another West African exam.ple the work of Dr. A. Schweitzer 

 in Equatorial Africa is well known through his books (1922 and 

 1 931). In every territory where mission organizations provide 

 an essential part of the medical facilities, co-operation with the 

 government is established and the relationship between them is 

 of the friendliest character. Government medical officers in- 

 spect and give all possible assistance to mission hospitals 

 within their districts, and reciprocal visits from medical mission- 

 aries are welcomed, though the latter are so few in number that 

 they have little time for visiting places other than their own 

 institutions. 



Private practice in many of the tropical territories is already impor- 

 tant in relation to the health of Europeans. It has developed 

 mainly in the large cities and some of the more closely settled 

 agricultural areas in South and East Africa. In addition a con- 

 siderable number of Asiatic doctors, mostly trained in India, are 

 now practising in Eastern Africa, and on the West Coast, African 

 practitioners, trained in Europe, are established in most towns. 

 While such facilities at present reach only a very small proportion of 

 Africa's population, the co-ordination of medical work involves the 



